Neurosciences and Oral Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.
Metab Brain Dis. 2021 Dec;36(8):2445-2460. doi: 10.1007/s11011-021-00855-9. Epub 2021 Oct 20.
The therapeutic and pharmacological management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is generally considered a major concern in ethnomedicine. Moreover, plant-based foods containing flavonoids were previously reported to show neuroprotective effects by modulating self-aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ)/or tau peptide into oligomers and fibrils, associated with the pathogenesis of AD. This study investigated the impact of Moringa oleifera-supplemented diet (MO-SD) in scopolamine-induced spatial memory deficit in mice. Mice were partitioned into two phases with five groups each (n=6) and pretreated intraperitoneally with scopolamine (1 mg/kg) prior the daily oral administration of MO-SD (1 %, 5 % and 10 %) for 7 and 14 days. Spatial memory function was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Thereafter, markers of cholinergic system inhibition (Acetylcholinesterase; AChE) and oxido-inflammatory stress (Malonaldehyde, MDA; Nitrite; Superoxide Dismutase, SOD; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α) and histo-morphology of the cortico-hippocampal neuron were measured. The scopolamine treatment led to loss of spatial memory function in mice spatial exploration of the escape platform in the MWM test. Meanwhile, treatment with MO-SD attenuated loss of spatial memory function via significant decrease in escape latency, significant increase in the frequency of cross with time spent in the platform quadrant. Furthermore, scopolamine treatment altered the endogenous antioxidants and pro-inflammatory mediators, elevated acetylcholinesterase activity and promoted chromatolysis of the cortico-hippocampal neuron. However, MO-SD significantly ameliorated oxido-inflammatory stress, restored cholinergic transmission via acetylcholinesterase inhibition and maintains neuronal integrity in the mice brain at both phases. These results suggest that Moringa oleifera-supplemented diet may serve a potential therapeutic and possible pharmacological macromolecule for preventing loss of neuronal cells and management of Alzheimer's disease.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）的治疗和药理学管理通常被认为是民族医学的主要关注点。此外，先前有报道称，含有类黄酮的植物源性食物通过调节淀粉样β（Aβ）/或tau 肽自聚集为寡聚物和原纤维，具有神经保护作用，与 AD 的发病机制有关。本研究调查了补充辣木叶饮食（MO-SD）对东莨菪碱诱导的小鼠空间记忆缺陷的影响。将小鼠分为两个阶段，每个阶段分为五组（n=6），并在每日口服 MO-SD（1%、5%和 10%）之前，腹腔内预先给予东莨菪碱（1mg/kg）预处理 7 天和 14 天。使用 Morris 水迷宫（MWM）测试评估空间记忆功能。之后，测量了胆碱能系统抑制标志物（乙酰胆碱酯酶；AChE）和氧化应激标志物（丙二醛，MDA；亚硝酸盐；超氧化物歧化酶，SOD；肿瘤坏死因子-α，TNF-α）以及皮质-海马神经元的组织形态。东莨菪碱处理导致小鼠在 MWM 测试中失去空间记忆功能，即逃避平台的空间探索。同时，MO-SD 治疗通过显著降低逃避潜伏期、显著增加穿越平台象限的时间频率，减轻空间记忆功能的丧失。此外，东莨菪碱处理改变了内源性抗氧化剂和促炎介质，增加了乙酰胆碱酯酶活性，并促进了皮质-海马神经元的色质溶解。然而，MO-SD 显著改善氧化应激，通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶恢复胆碱能传递，并在两个阶段维持小鼠大脑中的神经元完整性。这些结果表明，辣木叶补充饮食可能是预防神经元细胞丢失和治疗阿尔茨海默病的潜在治疗和药理学大分子。
