Kim Sooin, Yi Hanbin, Kim Yurie T, Lee Hyun Soo
Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeomro Mapogu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeomro Mapogu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
J Mol Biol. 2022 Apr 30;434(8):167302. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167302. Epub 2021 Oct 18.
The expansion of the genetic code consisting of four bases and 20 amino acids into diverse building blocks has been an exciting topic in synthetic biology. Many biochemical components are involved in gene expression; therefore, adding a new component to the genetic code requires engineering many other components that interact with it. Genetic code expansion has advanced significantly for the last two decades with the engineering of several components involved in protein synthesis. These components include tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, new codons, ribosomes, and elongation factor Tu. In addition, biosynthesis and enhanced uptake of non-canonical amino acids have been attempted and have made meaningful progress. This review discusses the efforts to engineer these translation components, to improve the genetic code expansion technology.
由四个碱基和20种氨基酸组成的遗传密码扩展为多种构建模块，一直是合成生物学中一个令人兴奋的话题。许多生物化学组分参与基因表达；因此，在遗传密码中添加一个新组分需要对与其相互作用的许多其他组分进行工程改造。在过去二十年里，随着参与蛋白质合成的几个组分的工程改造，遗传密码扩展取得了显著进展。这些组分包括tRNA/氨酰tRNA合成酶、新密码子、核糖体和延伸因子Tu。此外，人们还尝试了非标准氨基酸的生物合成和增强摄取，并取得了有意义的进展。本综述讨论了对这些翻译组分进行工程改造的努力，以改进遗传密码扩展技术。
