a Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA.
RNA Biol. 2018;15(4-5):441-452. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1356561. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
Pyrrolysine is the 22nd proteinogenic amino acid encoded into proteins in response to amber (TAG) codons in a small number of archaea and bacteria. The incorporation of pyrrolysine is facilitated by a specialized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) and its cognate tRNA (tRNA). The secondary structure of tRNA contains several unique features not found in canonical tRNAs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the PylRS/tRNA pair from archaea is orthogonal in E. coli and eukaryotic hosts, which has led to the widespread use of this pair for the genetic incorporation of non-canonical amino acids. In this brief review we examine the work that has been done to elucidate the structure of tRNA, its interaction with PylRS, and survey recent progress on the use of tRNA as a tool for genetic code expansion.
吡咯赖氨酸是第 22 种蛋白氨基酸，少数古菌和细菌通过对琥珀色（TAG）密码子的反应将其编码到蛋白质中。吡咯赖氨酸的掺入是由专门的氨酰-tRNA 合成酶（PylRS）及其同源 tRNA（tRNA）介导的。tRNA 的二级结构包含一些在典型 tRNA 中找不到的独特特征。许多研究表明，来自古菌的 PylRS/tRNA 对在大肠杆菌和真核宿主中是正交的，这导致了该对在遗传掺入非典型氨基酸方面的广泛应用。在这篇简短的综述中，我们考察了阐明 tRNA 结构、其与 PylRS 相互作用以及调查最近在将 tRNA 用作遗传密码扩展工具方面的进展的工作。
