Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Trends Parasitol. 2022 Mar;38(3):246-264. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.09.012. Epub 2021 Oct 18.
Female mosquitoes use chemical and physical cues, including vision, smell, heat, and humidity, to orient toward hosts. Body odors are produced by skin resident bacteria that convert metabolites secreted in sweat into odorants that confer the characteristic body scent. Mosquitoes detect these compounds using olfactory receptors in their antennal olfactory receptor neurons. Such information is further integrated with the senses of temperature and humidity, as well as vision, processed in the brain into a behavioral output, leading to host finding. Knowledge of human scent components unveils a variety of odorants that are attractive to mosquitoes, but also odor-triggering repellency. Finding ways to divert human-seeking behavior by female mosquitoes using odorants can possibly mitigate mosquito-borne pathogen transmission.
雌性蚊子利用化学和物理线索，包括视觉、嗅觉、热量和湿度，来定位宿主。体味是由皮肤常驻细菌产生的，这些细菌将汗液中分泌的代谢物转化为散发体味的气味物质。蚊子通过触角嗅觉受体神经元中的嗅觉受体来检测这些化合物。这些信息与温度和湿度的感觉以及视觉进一步整合，在大脑中处理成行为输出，导致宿主的发现。对人体气味成分的了解揭示了许多对蚊子有吸引力的气味物质，但也有引发气味的驱避性。利用气味物质来改变雌性蚊子寻找人类的行为，可能有助于减轻蚊媒病原体的传播。
