School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada.
Annu Rev Med. 2022 Jan 27;73:469-481. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-012821. Epub 2021 Oct 22.
Type 2 diabetes rates continue to rise unabated, underscoring the need to better understand the etiology and potential therapeutic options available for this disease. The gut microbiome plays a role in glucose homeostasis, and diabetes is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. Given that consumption of a Western diet is associated with increased metabolic disease, and that a Western diet alters the gut microbiome, it is plausible that changes in the gut microbiota mediate the dysregulation in glucose homeostasis. In this review, we highlight a few of the most significant mechanisms by which the gut microbiome can influence glucose regulation, including changes in gut permeability, gut-brain signaling, and production of bacteria-derived metabolites like short-chain fatty acids and bile acids. A better understanding of these pathways could lead to the development of novel therapeutics to target the gut microbiome in order to restore glucose homeostasis in metabolic disease.
2 型糖尿病的发病率持续上升，这突显出需要更好地了解这种疾病的病因和潜在的治疗选择。肠道微生物组在葡萄糖稳态中发挥作用，糖尿病与肠道微生物组的改变有关。鉴于西方饮食的摄入与代谢疾病的增加有关，而西方饮食改变了肠道微生物组，因此肠道微生物群的变化可能介导了葡萄糖稳态的失调。在这篇综述中，我们强调了肠道微生物组影响葡萄糖调节的几个最重要的机制，包括肠道通透性的改变、肠道-大脑信号传递以及细菌衍生代谢物（如短链脂肪酸和胆汁酸）的产生。更好地了解这些途径可能导致开发针对肠道微生物组的新型治疗方法，以恢复代谢疾病中的葡萄糖稳态。
