Tinajero-Díaz Ernesto, Salado-Leza Daniela, Gonzalez Carmen, Martínez Velázquez Moisés, López Zaira, Bravo-Madrigal Jorge, Knauth Peter, Flores-Hernández Flor Y, Herrera-Rodríguez Sara Elisa, Navarro Rosa E, Cabrera-Wrooman Alejandro, Krötzsch Edgar, Carvajal Zaira Y García, Hernández-Gutiérrez Rodolfo
Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de La Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Oct 18;13(10):1719. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101719.
Metal-based nanoparticles are widely used to deliver bioactive molecules and drugs to improve cancer therapy. Several research works have highlighted the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by green chemistry, using biological entities to minimize the use of solvents and control their physicochemical and biological properties. Recent advances in evaluating the anticancer effect of green biogenic Au and Ag nanoparticles are mainly focused on the use of conventional 2D cell culture and in vivo murine models that allow determination of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration, a critical parameter to move forward clinical trials. However, the interaction between nanoparticles and the tumor microenvironment is not yet fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more human-like evaluation models or to improve the existing ones for a better understanding of the molecular bases of cancer. This review provides recent advances in biosynthesized Au and Ag nanoparticles for seven of the most common and relevant cancers and their biological assessment. In addition, it provides a general idea of the in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models used for the anticancer evaluation of green biogenic metal-based nanoparticles.
金属基纳米粒子被广泛用于递送生物活性分子和药物以改善癌症治疗。多项研究工作强调了通过绿色化学合成金和银纳米粒子，利用生物实体来尽量减少溶剂的使用并控制其物理化学和生物学性质。评估绿色生物合成金和银纳米粒子抗癌效果的最新进展主要集中在使用传统的二维细胞培养和体内小鼠模型，这些模型能够确定半数最大抑制浓度，这是推进临床试验的关键参数。然而，纳米粒子与肿瘤微环境之间的相互作用尚未完全了解。因此，有必要开发更接近人体的评估模型或改进现有模型，以便更好地理解癌症的分子基础。本综述介绍了生物合成金和银纳米粒子在七种最常见且相关癌症方面的最新进展及其生物学评估。此外，还概述了用于绿色生物合成金属基纳米粒子抗癌评估的计算机模拟、体外、离体和体内模型。
