Keir Daniel A, Iannetta Danilo, Mattioni Maturana Felipe, Kowalchuk John M, Murias Juan M
School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, AHB 3G18, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sports Med. 2022 Feb;52(2):237-255. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01581-z. Epub 2021 Oct 25.
During incremental exercise, two thresholds may be identified from standard gas exchange and ventilatory measurements. The first signifies the onset of blood lactate accumulation (the lactate threshold, LT) and the second the onset of metabolic acidosis (the respiratory compensation point, RCP). The ability to explain why these thresholds occur and how they are identified, non-invasively, from pulmonary gas exchange and ventilatory variables is fundamental to the field of exercise physiology and requisite to the understanding of core concepts including exercise intensity, assessment, prescription, and performance. This review is intended as a unique and comprehensive theoretical and practical resource for instructors, clinicians, researchers, lab technicians, and students at both undergraduate and graduate levels to facilitate the teaching, comprehension, and proper non-invasive identification of exercise thresholds. Specific objectives are to: (1) explain the underlying physiology that produces the LT and RCP; (2) introduce the classic non-invasive measurements by which these thresholds are identified by connecting variable profiles to underlying physiological behaviour; (3) discuss common issues that can obscure threshold detection and strategies to identify and mitigate these challenges; and (4) introduce an online resource to facilitate learning and standard practices. Specific examples of exercise gas exchange and ventilatory data are provided throughout to illustrate these concepts and a novel online application tool designed specifically to identify the estimated LT (θ) and RCP is introduced. This application is a unique platform for learners to practice skills on real exercise data and for anyone to analyze incremental exercise data for the purpose of identifying θ and RCP.
在递增运动过程中，可以从标准气体交换和通气测量中识别出两个阈值。第一个表示血乳酸积累的开始（乳酸阈值，LT），第二个表示代谢性酸中毒的开始（呼吸补偿点，RCP）。解释这些阈值为何会出现以及如何从肺气体交换和通气变量中无创地识别它们，这对于运动生理学领域至关重要，也是理解包括运动强度、评估、处方和表现等核心概念的必要条件。本综述旨在为本科和研究生水平的教师、临床医生、研究人员、实验室技术人员和学生提供一份独特而全面的理论和实践资源，以促进运动阈值的教学、理解和正确的无创识别。具体目标包括：（1）解释产生LT和RCP的潜在生理学机制；（2）介绍通过将变量曲线与潜在生理行为联系起来识别这些阈值的经典无创测量方法；（3）讨论可能掩盖阈值检测的常见问题以及识别和缓解这些挑战的策略；（4）介绍一个在线资源，以促进学习和规范实践。文中通篇提供了运动气体交换和通气数据的具体示例来说明这些概念，并引入了一个专门设计用于识别估计的LT（θ）和RCP的新型在线应用工具。该应用程序是一个独特的平台，供学习者在实际运动数据上练习技能，也可供任何人出于识别θ和RCP的目的分析递增运动数据。
