Montalti Marco, Di Valerio Zeno, Rallo Flavia, Squillace Lorena, Costantino Claudio, Tomasello Francesco, Mauro Giulia Letizia, Stillo Michela, Perrone Paola, Resi Davide, Gori Davide, Vitale Francesco, Fantini Maria Pia
Unit of Hygiene, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Public Health and Medical Statistics, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Public Health, Bologna Local Health Authority, 40124 Bologna, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Oct 18;9(10):1200. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9101200.
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is known to play a relevant role in thwarting the efforts toward reaching satisfactory influenza vaccination coverage, and has caused similar difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to describe the phenomenon and produce insights on the reasons behind VH. A survey was administered between December 2020 and February 2021 to adults living in the cities of Bologna and Palermo. Of the 443 subjects enrolled, 47.3% were likely to get the influenza vaccination, while 75.6% were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. The most frequent determinants that motivated the willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine were trust in the safety of vaccines and belief that the vaccine is an effective tool. As for people's unwillingness to be vaccinated, being exposed to information that produced doubts about the vaccine and lack of trust in a newly developed vaccine were the most frequently involved determinants. Statistically significant positive associations were found between the willingness to be vaccinated and postgraduate education and the propensity towards influenza vaccination. A negative association with being over 40 years old and of female gender was also found. These results might have an impact in better understanding individual reasons behind VH, identifying which categories are more exposed to it and which strategies should be implemented.
疫苗犹豫（VH）在阻碍实现令人满意的流感疫苗接种覆盖率方面发挥着重要作用，并且在新冠疫情期间也造成了类似的困难。本研究旨在描述这一现象，并深入了解VH背后的原因。2020年12月至2021年2月期间，对居住在博洛尼亚和巴勒莫市的成年人进行了一项调查。在443名登记的受试者中，47.3%的人可能会接种流感疫苗，而75.6%的人愿意接种新冠疫苗。促使人们愿意接种新冠疫苗的最常见决定因素是对疫苗安全性的信任以及认为疫苗是一种有效工具。至于人们不愿意接种疫苗，接触到引发对疫苗怀疑的信息以及对新研发疫苗缺乏信任是最常涉及的决定因素。在接种意愿与研究生学历以及流感疫苗接种倾向之间发现了具有统计学意义的正相关关系。还发现与40岁以上及女性存在负相关关系。这些结果可能有助于更好地理解VH背后的个人原因，确定哪些人群更容易出现VH以及应实施哪些策略。
