Millet-Boureima Cassandra, Ennis Caroline C, Jamison Jurnee, McSweeney Shana, Park Anna, Gamberi Chiara
Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528-6054, USA.
Diseases. 2021 Sep 26;9(4):67. doi: 10.3390/diseases9040067.
Melatonin functions as a central regulator of cell and organismal function as well as a neurohormone involved in several processes, e.g., the regulation of the circadian rhythm, sleep, aging, oxidative response, and more. As such, it holds immense pharmacological potential. Receptor-mediated melatonin function mainly occurs through MT1 and MT2, conserved amongst mammals. Other melatonin-binding proteins exist. Non-receptor-mediated activities involve regulating the mitochondrial function and antioxidant cascade, which are frequently affected by normal aging as well as disease. Several pathologies display diseased or dysfunctional mitochondria, suggesting melatonin may be used therapeutically. models have extensively been employed to study disease pathogenesis and discover new drugs. Here, we review the multiple functions of melatonin through the lens of functional conservation and model organism research to empower potential melatonin therapeutics to treat neurodegenerative and renal diseases.
褪黑素作为细胞和机体功能的核心调节因子以及参与多种过程的神经激素，如昼夜节律、睡眠、衰老、氧化反应等的调节。因此，它具有巨大的药理学潜力。受体介导的褪黑素功能主要通过MT1和MT2发生，这两种受体在哺乳动物中保守存在。其他褪黑素结合蛋白也存在。非受体介导的活动涉及调节线粒体功能和抗氧化级联反应，这些功能常受到正常衰老以及疾病的影响。几种病理状态显示出线粒体病变或功能失调，这表明褪黑素可能具有治疗作用。模型已被广泛用于研究疾病发病机制和发现新药。在这里，我们通过功能保守性和模式生物研究的视角来综述褪黑素的多种功能，以推动潜在的褪黑素疗法用于治疗神经退行性疾病和肾脏疾病。
