Yan Yong, Zhu Xiaojun, Yu Yue, Li Chao, Zhang Zhaoliang, Wang Feng
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, P. R. China.
Adv Mater. 2022 Feb;34(7):e2106945. doi: 10.1002/adma.202106945. Epub 2022 Jan 6.
Plant genetic engineering is essential for improving crop yield, quality, and resistance to abiotic/biotic stresses for sustainable agriculture. Agrobacterium-, biolistic bombardment-, electroporation-, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-mediated genetic-transformation systems are extensively used in plant genetic engineering. However, these systems have limitations, including species dependency, destruction of plant tissues, low transformation efficiency, and high cost. Recently, nanotechnology-based gene-delivery methods have been developed for plant genetic transformation. This nanostrategy shows excellent transformation efficiency, good biocompatibility, adequate protection of exogenous nucleic acids, and the potential for plant regeneration. However, the nanomaterial-mediated gene-delivery system in plants is still in its infancy, and there are many challenges for its broad applications. Herein, the conventional genetic transformation techniques used in plants are briefly discussed. After that, the progress in the development of nanomaterial-based gene-delivery systems is considered. CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing and its combined applications with plant nanotechnology are also discussed. The conceptual innovations, methods, and practical applications of nanomaterial-mediated genetic transformation summarized herein will be beneficial for promoting plant genetic engineering in modern agriculture.
植物基因工程对于提高作物产量、品质以及抗非生物/生物胁迫能力以实现可持续农业至关重要。农杆菌介导法、基因枪轰击法、电穿孔法以及聚乙二醇（PEG）介导的遗传转化系统在植物基因工程中被广泛应用。然而，这些系统存在局限性，包括物种依赖性、对植物组织的破坏、转化效率低以及成本高。近年来，基于纳米技术的基因递送方法已被开发用于植物遗传转化。这种纳米策略显示出优异的转化效率、良好的生物相容性、对外源核酸的充分保护以及植物再生潜力。然而，植物中纳米材料介导的基因递送系统仍处于起步阶段，其广泛应用面临诸多挑战。本文简要讨论了植物中使用的传统遗传转化技术。之后，考虑了基于纳米材料的基因递送系统的发展进展。还讨论了CRISPR-Cas介导的基因组编辑及其与植物纳米技术的联合应用。本文总结的纳米材料介导的遗传转化的概念创新、方法和实际应用将有助于推动现代农业中的植物基因工程。
