Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, United States.
Pol Arch Intern Med. 2021 Oct 27;131(10). doi: 10.20452/pamw.16122.
Despite advances in drug development and medical treatments, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality across the globe. Fortunately, CVD can be delayed by engaging in appropriate lifestyle behaviors. An abundance of epidemiological evidence supports a direct association between increased levels of physical activity or cardiovascular fitness and reduced premature CVD morbidity and mortality. These data have been used as the basis for many medical organizations to issue physical activity guidelines to citizens to improve physical activity participation and, ultimately, reduce the risk of CVDs and other chronic diseases. Despite these efforts, physical activity participation around the globe remains low. The medical professional is well suited to promote exercise as a preventative treatment for CVD, although promotion efforts may be less effective without a clear understanding of the mechanisms through which exercise confers cardioprotection. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight the cardioprotective effects of exercise training and to explore the underlying mechanistic pathways that might explain these benefits. The review will focus on those physiological pathways that are directly involved in atherosclerotic disease development. They include hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance.
尽管在药物研发和医疗方面取得了进展，但心血管疾病（CVDs）仍然是全球主要的死亡原因。幸运的是，通过采取适当的生活方式行为，可以延缓 CVD 的发生。大量的流行病学证据表明，身体活动水平或心血管健康的增加与减少过早 CVD 发病率和死亡率之间存在直接关联。这些数据被许多医疗组织用作依据，为公民发布身体活动指南，以提高身体活动参与度，最终降低 CVD 和其他慢性疾病的风险。尽管做出了这些努力，但全球范围内的身体活动参与度仍然很低。医学专业人员非常适合将运动作为预防 CVD 的治疗方法进行推广，尽管如果不了解运动带来心脏保护的机制，推广工作可能效果不佳。因此，本综述的目的是强调运动训练的心脏保护作用，并探讨可能解释这些益处的潜在机制途径。该综述将重点关注那些直接参与动脉粥样硬化疾病发展的生理途径。它们包括高胆固醇血症、高血压、慢性炎症和胰岛素抵抗。
