Levit-Binnun Nava, Arbel Keren, Dorjee Dusana
Muda Institute for Mindfulness, Science and Society, Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, The Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel.
Department of East Asian Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2021 Oct 12;12:727857. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727857. eCollection 2021.
When considering the numerous mindfulness-based and mindfulness-informed programs that have flourished in the past decades it is not always clear that they all refer to the same "mindfulness. " To facilitate more clarity and precision in describing, researching and teaching mindfulness in the secular settings, we propose a classification framework of mindfulness practices, intentions behind them and the experiential understandings the practices may aim to develop. Accordingly, the proposed framework, called the Mindfulness Map, has two axes. The first axis outlines mindfulness practices (and associated instructions) classified into four groups (MGs), e.g. the MG1 focuses on cultivating attention to the present moment somatic and sensory experience while the MG4 focuses on cultivating the ability to recognize and deconstruct perceptual, cognitive and emotional experiences and biases. The second axis outlines possible intentions (INTs) to cultivate particular experiential understanding (EU) teaching and practicing the MGs, e.g., the INT1 designates the intention to gain EU of how our relationship to experience contributes to wellbeing, the INT2 refers to the intention to gain EU of the changing nature of body, mind and external phenomenon. We suggest that the same MG can lead to different EUs outcomes based on the specific INTs applied in their teaching or practice. The range of INTs and EUs included here is not exhaustive, there are further types the Map could be expanded toward. Aside from encouraging more fine-grained distinctions of mindfulness practices, the proposed Map aims to open discussions about interactions between MGs, INTs, EUs and practice outcomes. The Map may facilitate more nuanced and precise approaches to researching the range of outcomes cultivated by mindfulness practices, help bridge contradictory findings, and catalyze further debate and research into ethical aspects of mindfulness. The Map also highlights the need for further teaching development and research on longer-term trajectories of mindfulness practice. While the proposed Mindfulness Map organises the mindfulness practice territory along two axes, it is aimed as a starting point for further discussion and can be further revised and/or expanded by other axes.
在审视过去几十年蓬勃发展的众多基于正念和受正念启发的项目时，并不总是清楚它们所提及的“正念”是否相同。为了在世俗背景下对正念的描述、研究和教学中实现更高的清晰度和精确性，我们提出了一个正念练习、其背后意图以及练习旨在培养的体验性理解的分类框架。相应地，这个被称为“正念地图”的框架有两个轴。第一个轴概述了分为四类（MGs）的正念练习（及相关指导），例如，MG1专注于培养对当下身体和感官体验的注意力，而MG4专注于培养识别和解构感知、认知和情感体验及偏差的能力。第二个轴概述了培养特定体验性理解（EU）的可能意图（INTs），即教授和实践MGs的意图，例如，INT1指定了获得关于我们与体验的关系如何促进幸福的EU的意图，INT2指的是获得关于身体、心智和外部现象变化本质的EU的意图。我们认为，基于在其教学或实践中应用的特定INTs，相同的MG可能会导致不同的EU结果。这里包含的INTs和EUs范围并不详尽，该地图还可以进一步扩展到更多类型。除了鼓励对正念练习进行更细致的区分外，所提议的地图旨在开启关于MGs、INTs、EUs和练习结果之间相互作用的讨论。该地图可能有助于采用更细致入微和精确的方法来研究正念练习所培养的结果范围，帮助弥合相互矛盾的研究结果，并引发关于正念伦理方面的进一步辩论和研究。该地图还强调了对正念练习长期轨迹进行进一步教学发展和研究的必要性。虽然所提议的正念地图沿着两个轴组织了正念练习领域，但它旨在作为进一步讨论的起点，并且可以通过其他轴进一步修订和/或扩展。
