Unveiling Therapeutic Powers of Indigenous Flora: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Properties of .

Turrill. (Brassicaceae) and Thunb. (Poaceae) are commonly grown in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. : This study evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal potential of these plants. extract was further subjected to antioxidant, anticancer, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and in silico analyses. : extract presented a higher antimicrobial efficiency than extract by effectively inhibiting the growth of , , , , and . ethanolic extract also demonstrated promising antioxidant and anticancer properties against the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 12 natural compounds in the extract, whereas LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 19 different compounds in negative ion mode and 25 in positive ion mode. Furthermore, the presence of bioactive compounds in the extract, such as flavonoids (acacetin and hesperetin) and caffeic acid, confirmed the observed antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Molecular docking revealed promising interactions between various bioactive compounds and target proteins associated with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. : This study is the first to report GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses of ethanolic extract. The findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms and therapeutic applications of the identified bioactive compounds. Thus, the present work can serve as a platform for the isolation of natural compounds from extract, which may play a significant role in the discovery and design of new drugs for the treatment of human diseases.