Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2021 Nov;168:381-397. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.011. Epub 2021 Oct 5.
In plants, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during normal conditions are essential in regulating several processes, like stomatal physiology, pathogen immunity and developmental signaling. However, biotic and abiotic stresses can cause ROS over-accumulation leading to oxidative stress. Therefore, a suitable equilibrium is vital for redox homeostasis in plants, and there have been major advances in this research arena. Salicylic acid (SA) is known as a chief regulator of ROS; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. SA plays an important role in establishing the hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). This is underpinned by a robust and complex network of SA with Non-Expressor of Pathogenesis Related protein-1 (NPR1), ROS, calcium ions (Ca), nitric oxide (NO) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulation of ROS and antioxidant defense system signalling by SA at the physiological and molecular levels. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of how SA controls redox homeostasis would provide a fundamental framework to develop approaches that will improve plant growth and fitness, in order to meet the increasing global demand for food and bioenergy.
在植物中，正常条件下形成的活性氧（ROS）对于调节几种过程至关重要，如气孔生理学、病原体免疫和发育信号转导。然而，生物和非生物胁迫会导致 ROS 过度积累，从而导致氧化应激。因此，对于植物的氧化还原稳态来说，合适的平衡是至关重要的，并且在这个研究领域已经取得了重大进展。水杨酸（SA）被称为 ROS 的主要调节剂；然而，其潜在的机制在很大程度上仍未得到探索。SA 在建立过敏反应（HR）和系统获得性抗性（SAR）方面发挥着重要作用。这是由一个强大而复杂的 SA 网络与非表达病原体相关蛋白 1（NPR1）、ROS、钙离子（Ca）、一氧化氮（NO）和丝裂原激活蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联共同支撑的。在这篇综述中，我们总结了近年来在生理和分子水平上，SA 对 ROS 和抗氧化防御系统信号转导的调控的最新进展。了解 SA 如何控制氧化还原稳态的分子机制将为开发提高植物生长和适应性的方法提供一个基本框架，以满足不断增长的全球对粮食和生物能源的需求。
