Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Laboratories, Celbridge, Ireland.
Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2022 Feb;69(1):1-12. doi: 10.1111/zph.12884. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kentucky is frequently isolated from poultry, dairy and beef cattle, the environment and people with clinical salmonellosis globally. However, the sources of this serovar and its diversity and antimicrobial resistance capacities remain poorly described in many regions. To further understand the genetic diversity and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns among S. Kentucky strains isolated from non-human sources in Ireland, we sequenced and analysed the genomes of 61 isolates collected from avian, bovine, canine, ovine, piscine, porcine, environmental and vegetation sources between 2000 and 2016. The majority of isolates (n = 57, 93%) were sequence type (ST) 314, while only three isolates were ST198 and one was ST152. Several isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 14 carried at least one acquired antimicrobial resistance gene. When compared to a database of publicly available ST314, four distinct clades were identified (clades I-IV), with the majority of isolates from Ireland clustering together in Clade I. Two of the three ST198 isolates were characteristic of those originating outside of the Americas (Clade ST198.2), while one was distantly clustered with isolates from South and North America (Clade ST198.1). The genomes of the two clade ST198.2 isolates encoded Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1), were multidrug-resistant and encoded polymorphisms in the DNA gyrase (gyrA) and DNA topoisomerase (parC) known to confer resistance to fluoroquinolones. The single ST152 isolate was from raw beef, clustered with isolates from food and bovine sources in North America and was pan-susceptible. Results of this study indicate that most S. Kentucky isolates from non-human sources in Ireland are closely related ST314 and only a few isolates are antimicrobial-resistant. This study also demonstrates the presence of multidrug-resistant ST198 in food sources in Ireland.
肠炎沙门氏菌亚种肠炎血清型肯塔基州经常从全球的家禽、奶制品和肉牛、环境以及临床沙门氏菌病患者中分离出来。然而，在许多地区，这种血清型的来源及其多样性和抗微生物药物耐药性能力仍描述不足。为了进一步了解爱尔兰非人类来源的肠炎沙门氏菌分离株的遗传多样性和抗微生物敏感性模式，我们对 2000 年至 2016 年间从禽类、牛、犬、羊、鱼类、猪、环境和植被来源收集的 61 株分离株进行了测序和分析。大多数分离株（n=57，93%）为 ST314，而只有 3 株为 ST198，1 株为 ST152。一些分离株为多药耐药（MDR），14 株携带至少一种获得性抗微生物药物耐药基因。与公开可用的 ST314 数据库相比，鉴定出了四个不同的分支（分支 I-IV），爱尔兰的大多数分离株聚集在分支 I 中。3 株 ST198 分离株中的 2 株来源于美洲以外的地区（分支 ST198.2），而 1 株与来自南北美洲的分离株聚类较远（分支 ST198.1）。2 株分支 ST198.2 分离株的基因组编码了沙门氏菌基因组岛 1（SGI1），对多种药物耐药，并在 DNA 拓扑异构酶（gyrA）和 DNA 拓扑异构酶（parC）中编码了导致对氟喹诺酮类药物耐药的多态性。唯一的 ST152 分离株来自生牛肉，与北美食品和牛源分离株聚类在一起，对所有药物均敏感。本研究结果表明，爱尔兰非人类来源的大多数肠炎沙门氏菌分离株与密切相关的 ST314 有关，只有少数分离株具有抗微生物药物耐药性。本研究还表明，爱尔兰的食物来源中存在多药耐药的 ST198。
