Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02163;
Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02163.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Nov 9;118(45). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2105622118.
In nine studies using archival data, surveys, and experiments, we identify a factor that predicts gender differences in time stress and burnout. Across academic and professional settings, women are less likely to ask for more time when working under adjustable deadlines (studies 1 to 4a). Women's discomfort in asking for more time on adjustable deadlines uniquely predicts time stress and burnout, controlling for marital status, industry, tenure, and delegation preferences (study 1). Women are less likely to ask for more time to complete their tasks because they hold stronger beliefs that they will be penalized for these requests and worry more about burdening others (studies 1 to 2d). We find no evidence that women are judged more harshly than men (study 3). We also document a simple organizational intervention: formal processes for requesting deadline extensions reduce gender differences in asking for more time (studies 4a to 5).
在九项使用档案数据、调查和实验的研究中，我们确定了一个因素，可以预测时间压力和倦怠方面的性别差异。在学术和专业环境中，女性在可调最后期限下工作时不太可能要求更多时间（研究 1 至 4a）。女性在可调最后期限上要求更多时间时的不适，独特地预测了时间压力和倦怠，控制了婚姻状况、行业、任期和委托偏好（研究 1）。女性不太可能要求更多时间来完成任务，因为她们更强烈地认为这些请求会使她们受到惩罚，并更担心给别人带来负担（研究 1 至 2d）。我们没有发现证据表明女性比男性受到更严厉的评判（研究 3）。我们还记录了一个简单的组织干预措施：正式的请求延长最后期限的流程减少了在要求更多时间方面的性别差异（研究 4a 至 5）。
