Martinez Gomez David, Coenen Pieter, Celis-Morales Carlos, Mota Jorge, Rodriguez-Artalejo Fernando, Matthews Charles, Saint-Maurice Pedro F
Preventive Medicina and Public Health, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
Occup Environ Med. 2022 Mar;79(3):147-154. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107393. Epub 2021 Nov 1.
We examined the associations of history and duration in high occupational physical activity (OPA) with long-term total and cause-specific mortality.
The sample included 322 126 participants (135 254 women) from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study, established in 1995-1996. History and duration in high OPA were reported by participants. All-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and other cause mortality records available through 31 December 2011.
The prevalence of high OPA was 52.1% in men and 16.1% in women. During 13.6 years (SD, 3.3) of follow-up, 73 563 participants (25 219 women) died. In age-adjusted models, the risk of death was higher among men (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.16) and women (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.26) with a history of high OPA. However, these associations were substantially attenuated in women (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07, an 81.8% attenuation) and eliminated in men (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.04, 85.7% attenuation) after multivariable adjustments. Similar important attenuation results were found when examining duration in high OPA, as well as using cause-specific deaths as the outcomes. Educational attainment and smoking patterns were the main contributors in the excess mortality among people working in highly physically active jobs in both men and women.
Participating in high OPA was not consistently associated with a higher mortality risk, after adjustments for education and smoking factors. Workers in high OPA should be aware that they might not be getting all well-known health benefits of being physically active if they are only very active at work.
我们研究了高职业体力活动（OPA）的经历和持续时间与长期全因死亡率及特定病因死亡率之间的关联。
样本包括来自1995 - 1996年设立的美国国立卫生研究院-美国退休人员协会饮食与健康研究中的322126名参与者（135254名女性）。参与者报告了高OPA的经历和持续时间。可获取截至2011年12月31日的全因、心血管疾病、癌症及其他病因的死亡率记录。
男性高OPA的患病率为52.1%，女性为16.1%。在13.6年（标准差3.3）的随访期间，73563名参与者（25219名女性）死亡。在年龄调整模型中，有高OPA经历的男性（风险比1.14，95%置信区间1.12至1.16）和女性（风险比1.22，95%置信区间1.18至1.26）的死亡风险更高。然而，在多变量调整后，这些关联在女性中大幅减弱（风险比1.04，95%置信区间1.00至1.07，减弱81.8%），在男性中消除（风险比1.02，95%置信区间0.99至1.04，减弱85.7%）。在研究高OPA的持续时间以及将特定病因死亡作为结局时，也发现了类似的重要减弱结果。教育程度和吸烟模式是从事高体力活动工作的男性和女性超额死亡率的主要影响因素。
在对教育和吸烟因素进行调整后，参与高OPA与较高的死亡风险并非始终相关。从事高OPA工作的劳动者应意识到，如果他们仅在工作时非常活跃，可能无法获得体力活动所带来的所有众所周知的健康益处。
