Li Wenhui, Li He, Zhang Yinxiao, Zhang Chi, Zhang Jian, Liu Xinqi
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
J Food Sci. 2021 Dec;86(12):5452-5465. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15948. Epub 2021 Nov 3.
Current studies regarding the effect of different nitrogen sources on gut microbiota have thus far disregarded the ability of probiotics and coliforms to compete for protein. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the utilization of soybean protein (SPro) and its derived peptides (SPep) by the gut microbiota of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The SPro and SPep prepared in this study showed extensive SPro molecular weight distribution, while that of SPep was minimal, ranging between 150 and 1000 Da and primarily consisting of two to five amino acids. The cecum microflora composition of the rats was determined via 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, showing that the SPro and SPep significantly increased the abundance and uniformity of the gut microbiota after 35 days of feeding. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratios of the SPep, SPro, and casein groups were 2.49 ± 0.60, 2.98 ± 1.12, and 2.59 ± 0.74, respectively. Although the rats fed with SPro and SPep displayed similar gut microbiome structures, SPep significantly promoted Lactobacillus and Phascolarctobacterium growth. The results showed that SPep significantly increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and elevated the probiotic proportion. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: SPro and SPep are two nutritious and high-quality nitrogen sources. The results showed that SPro and SPep regulated the structure of gut microbiota in rats, and the effect of SPep was better. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing SPep functional foods able to regulate gut microbiota and maintain health.
目前关于不同氮源对肠道微生物群影响的研究至今都忽视了益生菌和大肠菌群竞争蛋白质的能力。本研究旨在调查Sprague Dawley（SD）大鼠肠道微生物群对大豆蛋白（SPro）及其衍生肽（SPep）利用的差异。本研究制备的SPro和SPep显示出广泛的SPro分子量分布，而SPep的分子量分布最小，范围在150至1000 Da之间，主要由两到五个氨基酸组成。通过16S rDNA扩增子测序确定大鼠盲肠微生物群组成，结果显示，喂食35天后，SPro和SPep显著增加了肠道微生物群的丰度和均匀度。SPep组、SPro组和酪蛋白组的厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门（F/B）比率分别为2.49±0.60、2.98±1.12和2.59±0.74。尽管喂食SPro和SPep的大鼠显示出相似的肠道微生物群结构，但SPep显著促进了乳酸杆菌和考拉杆菌的生长。结果表明，SPep显著增加了肠道微生物群的多样性并提高了益生菌比例。实际应用：SPro和SPep是两种营养丰富的优质氮源。结果表明，SPro和SPep调节了大鼠肠道微生物群的结构，且SPep的效果更好。本研究为开发能够调节肠道微生物群并维持健康的SPep功能性食品提供了理论依据。
