Wang Yuemin, Xu Xinyuan, Chen Xingyu, Li Jianshu
College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610003, China.
Adv Mater. 2022 Nov;34(46):e2107406. doi: 10.1002/adma.202107406. Epub 2022 Jan 24.
The delicate structure and fantastic functions of biological membranes are the successful evolutionary results of a long-term natural selection process. Their excellent biocompatibility and biofunctionality are widely utilized to construct multifunctional biomedical materials mainly by directly camouflaging materials with single or mixed biological membranes, decorating or incorporating materials with membrane-derived vesicles (e.g., exosomes), and designing multifunctional materials with the structure/functions of biological membranes. Here, the structure-function relationship of some important biological membranes and biomimetic membranes are discussed, such as various cell membranes, extracellular vesicles, and membranes from bacteria and organelles. Selected literature examples of multifunctional biomaterials derived from biological membranes for biomedical applications, such as drug- and gene-delivery systems, tissue-repair scaffolds, bioimaging, biosensors, and biological detection, are also highlighted. These designed materials show excellent properties, such as long circulation time, disease-targeted therapy, excellent biocompatibility, and selective recognition. Finally, perspectives and challenges associated with the clinical applications of biological-membrane-derived materials are discussed.
生物膜的精细结构和奇妙功能是长期自然选择过程中成功的进化结果。它们出色的生物相容性和生物功能性被广泛用于构建多功能生物医学材料，主要方式包括用单层或混合生物膜直接伪装材料、用膜衍生囊泡（如外泌体）修饰或掺入材料，以及设计具有生物膜结构/功能的多功能材料。在此，讨论了一些重要生物膜和仿生膜的结构-功能关系，如各种细胞膜、细胞外囊泡以及细菌和细胞器的膜。还重点介绍了从生物膜衍生而来的用于生物医学应用的多功能生物材料的选定文献实例，如药物和基因递送系统、组织修复支架、生物成像、生物传感器和生物检测。这些设计的材料表现出优异的性能，如长循环时间、疾病靶向治疗、出色的生物相容性和选择性识别。最后，讨论了与生物膜衍生材料临床应用相关的前景和挑战。
