LaPenta School of Business, Iona College, New Rochelle, NY, USA.
Psychol Health. 2023 Jul-Aug;38(8):969-986. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1994969. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
Investigate the role of generalized self-efficacy (GSE) in compliance with COVID-19 health behaviours such as wearing masks and social distancing.
Two studies conducted online in the US: 312 adults in Study 1 and 253 adults in Study 2.
In Study 1, participants reported compliance with four health behaviours related to COVID-19: social distancing, hand washing, avoiding non-essential travel, and wearing masks. In Study 2, participants reported expected compliance with wearing masks when it was framed as a national requirement, a state requirement, or a recommendation.
In Study 1, GSE positively affected reported compliance with COVID-19 health behaviours. This result was mediated by the perception that these behaviours would offer enhanced control. Psychological reactance negatively affected reported compliance, while trust in science-based institutions and perceived threat from COVID-19 exerted positive effects. In Study 2, requiring (vs. recommending) masks led to higher willingness to comply with COVID-19 health behaviours. This was moderated by GSE, which significantly impacted compliance only when masks were required rather than recommended.
Higher GSE predicted increased compliance with health behaviours related to COVID-19, such as wearing masks. This effect was strongest when these behaviours were framed as required rather than recommended.
研究一般自我效能感（GSE）在遵守 COVID-19 健康行为（如戴口罩和保持社交距离）方面的作用。
在美国进行的两项在线研究：研究 1 中有 312 名成年人，研究 2 中有 253 名成年人。
在研究 1 中，参与者报告了与 COVID-19 相关的四项健康行为的遵守情况：社交距离、洗手、避免非必要旅行和戴口罩。在研究 2 中，参与者报告了当口罩被规定为国家要求、州要求或建议时，他们预期的遵守情况。
在研究 1 中，GSE 对报告的 COVID-19 健康行为的遵守情况有积极影响。这一结果是通过感知这些行为将提供增强的控制来介导的。心理抗拒对报告的遵守情况产生负面影响，而对基于科学的机构的信任和对 COVID-19 的感知威胁则产生积极影响。在研究 2 中，要求（而非建议）戴口罩会导致更高的遵守 COVID-19 健康行为的意愿。这一结果受到 GSE 的调节，只有当口罩被要求而不是建议时，GSE 才会对遵守产生显著影响。
较高的 GSE 预测与 COVID-19 相关的健康行为（如戴口罩）的遵守程度增加。当这些行为被规定为必须遵守而不是建议遵守时，这种效果最强。
