Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Physiol Rep. 2021 Nov;9(21):e15068. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15068.
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase an individual's risk of developing diseases. Being physically active throughout life is known to reduce the prevalence and onset of some aspects of the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that an individual's gut microbiome composition has a large influence on several aspects of the metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanism(s) by which physical activity may improve metabolic health are not well understood. We sought to determine if endurance exercise is sufficient to prevent or ameliorate the development of the metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases. We also analyzed the impact of physical activity under metabolic syndrome progression upon the gut microbiome composition. Utilizing whole-body low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout mice on a "Western Diet," we show that long-term exercise acts favorably upon glucose tolerance, adiposity, and liver lipids. Exercise increased mitochondrial abundance in skeletal muscle but did not reduce liver fibrosis, aortic lesion area, or plasma lipids. Lastly, we observed several changes in gut bacteria and their novel associations with metabolic parameters of clinical importance. Altogether, our results indicate that exercise can ameliorate some aspects of the metabolic syndrome progression and alter the gut microbiome composition.
代谢综合征是一组会增加个体患某些疾病风险的病症。众所周知，终生保持身体活跃有助于降低代谢综合征某些方面的患病率和发病风险。此外，先前的研究表明，个体的肠道微生物组组成对代谢综合征的几个方面有很大影响。然而，运动改善代谢健康的机制尚不清楚。我们试图确定耐力运动是否足以预防或改善代谢综合征及其相关疾病的发生。我们还分析了在代谢综合征进展过程中进行体育活动对肠道微生物组组成的影响。利用全身低密度脂蛋白受体（LDLR）敲除小鼠的“西方饮食”，我们发现长期运动对葡萄糖耐量、肥胖和肝脏脂质有积极作用。运动增加了骨骼肌中的线粒体丰度，但没有减少肝纤维化、主动脉病变面积或血浆脂质。最后，我们观察到肠道细菌的一些变化及其与具有临床重要性的代谢参数的新关联。总的来说，我们的结果表明，运动可以改善代谢综合征进展的某些方面，并改变肠道微生物组的组成。
