Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Feb;49(2):1037-1044. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06924-7. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
Type 2 diabetes is a serious public health concern in India, even the indigenous tribal populations are not left unaffected. The present study aims to understand the association of major risk factors i.e. obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, ACE I/D polymorphism with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among two different Mendelian populations of North East India.
Demographic, somatometric, physiological variables along with fasting blood samples were collected from 609 individuals. The participants were screened for ACE I/D polymorphism.
ACE I/D polymorphism was found to follow HWE among Liangmai tribe but not among Mizo tribe. Distribution of DD genotype/D allele was found to be significantly higher for T2D among Mizo tribe. Significant association were observed between DD genotype/D allele of ACE I/D polymorphism and TC as well as LDL with both IFG and T2D only in Mizo tribe.
The present study is an example of gene-environment interaction where DD genotype or D allele and dyslipidemia (high TC and high LDL) are posing risk for IFG and T2D both independently and in combination only among Mizo tribe with relatively less physical activity attributed to their residence in less hilly terrain however Liangmai tribe which resides in high hilly terrain shows no such association.
2 型糖尿病是印度严重的公共卫生问题，甚至土着部落人口也未能幸免。本研究旨在了解主要危险因素（即肥胖、高血压、血脂异常、ACE I/D 多态性）与空腹血糖受损（IFG）和 2 型糖尿病（T2D）之间的关联，研究对象为印度东北部两个不同孟德尔人群。
从 609 名个体中收集人口统计学、人体测量学、生理学变量以及空腹血样。对参与者进行 ACE I/D 多态性筛查。
ACE I/D 多态性在 Liangmai 部落中符合 HWE，但在 Mizo 部落中不符合。在 Mizo 部落中，DD 基因型/D 等位基因与 T2D 显著相关。ACE I/D 多态性的 DD 基因型/D 等位基因与 TC 以及 LDL 与 IFG 和 T2D 之间均存在显著相关性，仅在 Mizo 部落中观察到这种相关性。
本研究是基因-环境相互作用的一个例子，DD 基因型或 D 等位基因和血脂异常（高 TC 和高 LDL）独立存在或联合存在都会增加 IFG 和 T2D 的风险，仅在居住在丘陵地形较少的 Mizo 部落中如此，而居住在高丘陵地形的 Liangmai 部落则没有这种关联。
