Kabiri Bahareh, Hidarnia Ali Reza, Alavijeh Mehdi Mirzaei, Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeel
Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health Education and Promotion, Islamic Studies and Health Sciences Interdisciplinary Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Sep;10(9):3273-3276. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_404_21. Epub 2021 Sep 30.
It is essential for parents, and especially mothers, to become aware of the factors that affect oral health-promoting behaviors in children through behavior change theories. This study aimed to determine mothers' role in improving children's oral health based on the health belief model (HBM).
The population of this descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study comprised 240 mothers in Ilam (Iran), selected via stratified random sampling. The data collection instrument was a self-report questionnaire with two sections, including seven demographic and contextual questions, four items for perceived severity, four items for perceived benefits, four items for perceived barriers, three items for cues to action, and five items for perceived self-efficacy. The data were analyzed in SPSS 21 by using descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent samples -test, linear regression analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient, at a significance level of 0.05.
The participants aged 20-47 with a mean of 31.8 ± 5.67 years. The linear regression analysis indicated that the constructs of perceived severity (B = 0.073, < 0.001), perceived benefits (B = 0.013, < 0.001), perceived barriers (B = 0.111, < 0.01), cues to action (B = 0.517, < 0.001), and perceived self-efficacy (B = 0.292, < 0.001) explained 55% of the variance of behavioral intention.
With respect to the effects of perceived barriers and perceived severity on predicting oral health behaviors, effective outcomes can be achieved by emphasizing these two constructs in educational programs based on the HBM.
对于父母，尤其是母亲而言，通过行为改变理论了解影响儿童口腔健康促进行为的因素至关重要。本研究旨在基于健康信念模型（HBM）确定母亲在改善儿童口腔健康方面的作用。
本描述性、分析性横断面研究的对象为伊朗伊拉姆的240名母亲，通过分层随机抽样选取。数据收集工具是一份自填式问卷，分为两部分，包括7个人口统计学和背景问题、4个关于感知严重性的项目、4个关于感知益处的项目、4个关于感知障碍的项目、3个关于行动线索的项目以及5个关于感知自我效能的项目。使用SPSS 21软件进行数据分析，采用描述性和推断性统计方法，包括独立样本t检验、线性回归分析和Pearson相关系数，显著性水平为0.05。
参与者年龄在20 - 47岁之间，平均年龄为31.8±5.67岁。线性回归分析表明，感知严重性（B = 0.073，P < 0.001）、感知益处（B = 0.013，P < 0.001）、感知障碍（B = 0.111，P < 0.01）、行动线索（B = 0.517，P < 0.001）和感知自我效能（B = 0.292，P < 0.001）这几个构念解释了行为意向方差的55%。
鉴于感知障碍和感知严重性对预测口腔健康行为的影响，在基于健康信念模型的教育项目中强调这两个构念可取得有效的结果。
