Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy.
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Piazza Tancredi 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 27;22(21):11632. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111632.
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of pathologies that cause severe disability due to motor and cognitive limitations. In particular, cognitive impairment is a growing health and socioeconomic problem which is still difficult to deal with today. As there are no pharmacologically effective treatments for cognitive deficits, scientific interest is growing regarding the possible impacts of healthy lifestyles on them. In this context, physical activity is gaining more and more evidence as a primary prevention intervention, a nonpharmacological therapy and a rehabilitation tool for improving cognitive functions in neurodegenerative diseases. In this descriptive overview we highlight the neurobiological effects of physical exercise, which is able to promote neuroplasticity and neuroprotection by acting at the cytokine and hormonal level, and the consequent positive clinical effects on patients suffering from cognitive impairment.
神经退行性疾病是一组导致严重残疾的疾病，其原因是运动和认知方面的局限性。特别是，认知障碍是一个日益严重的健康和社会经济问题，目前仍然难以应对。由于目前没有针对认知缺陷的药物治疗方法，因此科学界对健康生活方式对认知缺陷的可能影响越来越感兴趣。在这种背景下，体育活动作为一种主要的预防干预措施、一种非药物治疗方法和一种改善神经退行性疾病认知功能的康复工具，正获得越来越多的证据。在这个描述性综述中，我们强调了体育锻炼的神经生物学效应，它能够通过细胞因子和激素水平的作用促进神经可塑性和神经保护，从而对认知障碍患者产生积极的临床效果。
