Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 2;22(21):11887. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111887.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative, highly heterogeneous disease with a variable course. The most common MS subtype is relapsing-remitting (RR), having interchanging periods of worsening and relative stabilization. After a decade, in most RR patients, it alters into the secondary progressive (SP) phase, the most debilitating one with no clear remissions, leading to progressive disability deterioration. Among the greatest challenges for clinicians is understanding disease progression molecular mechanisms, since RR is mainly characterized by inflammatory processes, while in SP, the neurodegeneration prevails. This is especially important because distinguishing RR from the SP subtype early will enable faster implementation of appropriate treatment. Currently, the MS course is not well-correlated with the biomarkers routinely used in clinical practice. Despite many studies, there are still no reliable indicators correlating with the disease stage and its activity degree. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) may be considered valuable molecules for the MS diagnosis and, presumably, helpful in predicting disease subtype. MiRNA expression dysregulation is commonly observed in the MS course. Moreover, knowledge of diverse miRNA panel expression between RRMS and SPMS may allow for deterring disability progression through successful treatment. Therefore, in this review, we address the current state of research on differences in miRNA panel expression between the phases.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种使人衰弱的神经退行性疾病，具有高度异质性和多变的病程。最常见的 MS 亚型是复发缓解型（RR），其特征是病情恶化和相对稳定交替出现。在十年后，大多数 RR 患者会进入继发性进展型（SP）阶段，这是最具致残性的阶段，没有明确的缓解期，导致进行性残疾恶化。对临床医生来说，最大的挑战之一是理解疾病进展的分子机制，因为 RR 主要表现为炎症过程，而在 SP 中，神经退行性变占主导地位。这一点尤为重要，因为早期区分 RR 和 SP 亚型将有助于更快地实施适当的治疗。目前，MS 的病程与临床实践中常规使用的生物标志物相关性不佳。尽管进行了许多研究，但仍没有与疾病阶段及其活动程度相关的可靠指标。循环 microRNAs（miRNAs）可能被认为是 MS 诊断有价值的分子，并且可能有助于预测疾病亚型。MS 病程中普遍存在 miRNA 表达失调。此外，了解 RRMS 和 SPMS 之间不同 miRNA 表达谱之间的差异，可能有助于通过成功的治疗来阻止残疾进展。因此，在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前关于各阶段之间 miRNA 表达谱差异的研究现状。
