Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 6;22(21):12020. doi: 10.3390/ijms222112020.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a non-communicable disease characterised by a cluster of metabolic irregularities. Alarmingly, the prevalence of MetS in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and antiretroviral (ARV) usage is increasing rapidly. This study aimed to look at biochemical mechanisms and epigenetic modifications associated with HIV, ARVs, and MetS. More specifically, emphasis was placed on mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, lipodystrophy, and dyslipidaemia. We found that mitochondrial dysfunction was the most common mechanism that induced metabolic complications. Our findings suggest that protease inhibitors (PIs) are more commonly implicated in MetS-related effects than other classes of ARVs. Furthermore, we highlight epigenetic studies linking HIV and ARV usage to MetS and stress the need for more studies, as the current literature remains limited despite the advancement in and popularity of epigenetics.
代谢综合征（MetS）是一种非传染性疾病，其特征是代谢异常的簇集。令人震惊的是，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者和抗逆转录病毒（ARV）治疗中代谢综合征的患病率正在迅速上升。本研究旨在探讨与 HIV、ARV 和代谢综合征相关的生化机制和表观遗传修饰。更具体地说，重点放在线粒体功能障碍、胰岛素抵抗、炎症、脂肪营养不良和血脂异常上。我们发现，线粒体功能障碍是导致代谢并发症的最常见机制。我们的研究结果表明，蛋白酶抑制剂（PI）比其他类别的 ARV 更常见于与代谢综合征相关的作用。此外，我们强调了将 HIV 和 ARV 使用与代谢综合征联系起来的表观遗传学研究，并强调需要更多的研究，因为尽管表观遗传学的发展和普及，目前的文献仍然有限。
