University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Health Educ Behav. 2023 Jun;50(3):394-405. doi: 10.1177/10901981211055468. Epub 2021 Nov 12.
American adolescents consume more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) than any other age group. Sports and energy drinks consumption among adolescents is higher than other SSBs. For sports drinks, there is uncertainty about their "healthiness" and also beliefs that these drinks may provide health benefits such as hydration, enhanced athletic performance, heightened mental alertness, and rapid recovery after exercise. Confusion about relative healthiness and expectations of health benefits suggest that factors that may encourage youth to avoid drinking sports and energy drinks, such as athletic status, psychological reactance, and SSB media literacy, may necessitate different approaches to promoting avoidance of sports drinks compared with avoidance of energy drinks. Using a nationally representative U.S. probability-based web panel augmented by a volunteer nonprobability-based web panel of 500 adolescent participants aged 14 to 18 years, we used the reasoned action approach to model intention to avoid sports and to avoid energy drinks. The result show there are similarities and differences in the determinants associated with adolescents' avoidance of sports and energy drinks: attitudes and descriptive normative pressure are both related to increased avoidance for both types of drinks and perceived control over the avoidance behavior is positively associated for with intention to avoid for energy drinks. Sport identification, psychological reactance, and SSB media literacy also play a different role in the sports and energy drink models. Based on our results, the content of prevention messages in interventions to limit sports drinks will need to be quite different from those targeted at reducing energy drink consumption.
美国青少年摄入的含糖饮料（SSB）比其他任何年龄段都多。青少年对运动饮料和能量饮料的消费高于其他 SSB。对于运动饮料，人们对其“健康性”存在不确定性，同时也相信这些饮料可能具有一些健康益处，如补水、提高运动表现、提高精神警觉性以及运动后快速恢复。对于相对健康性的困惑和对健康益处的期望表明，可能有一些因素会鼓励青少年避免饮用运动饮料和能量饮料，例如运动状态、心理反应和 SSB 媒体素养，这些因素可能需要采用不同的方法来促进避免饮用运动饮料，而不是避免饮用能量饮料。本研究使用了全国代表性的基于网络的美国概率样本，同时还通过一个由 500 名年龄在 14 至 18 岁的青少年组成的志愿者非概率性网络样本进行了扩充，我们使用理性行为方法来构建避免饮用运动饮料和能量饮料的意图模型。结果表明，青少年避免饮用运动饮料和能量饮料的决定因素既有相似之处，也有不同之处：态度和描述性规范压力都与两种饮料的回避意愿增加有关，对回避行为的控制感与能量饮料的回避意愿呈正相关。运动认同、心理反应和 SSB 媒体素养在运动饮料和能量饮料模型中也起着不同的作用。基于我们的研究结果，限制运动饮料消费的干预措施中的预防信息内容需要与那些旨在减少能量饮料消费的预防信息内容大不相同。
