Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Avenue, Mailbox 38, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
J Prev (2022). 2022 Feb;43(1):95-110. doi: 10.1007/s10935-021-00652-1. Epub 2021 Nov 13.
Inadequately insured Americans experience a disproportionately low health-related quality of life (HRQoL)-a multidimensional and subjective indicator of health associated with premature mortality. Although the inadequately insured are a growing and at-risk group of individuals, little research has examined factors associated with HRQoL within this population. Health Self-Empowerment Theory (HSET) and precision prevention influenced the conceptualization of this study. HSET is a health empowerment theory that recognizes the effects of certain cognitive-behavioral variables on health promotion within at-risk groups. Precision prevention advocates for individual or precise group-specific tailored and optimized health promotion approaches based on key sociodemographic variables. We investigated the impact of HSET variables on mental and physical HRQoL among 279 inadequately insured women and men who completed a questionnaire assessing HRQoL, health self-efficacy, health motivation, and active coping. Among the women in our sample, results indicate that exercise and psychological well-being self-efficacy were significantly and positively associated with mental and physical HRQoL. Among men, psychological well-being and responsible health practices self-efficacy, in addition to active coping, were significantly and positively associated with mental HRQoL. Psychological well-being self-efficacy and active coping were significantly and positively associated with physical HRQoL among men. The findings of our study suggest that HSET variables play an important role in the development of tailored HRQoL-promotion interventions for inadequately insured Americans, and that the roles of those variables may differ based on gender.
美国保障不足的人群经历着与其过早死亡率相关的健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）——一种多维和主观的健康指标——显著降低的问题。尽管保障不足的人群是一个日益壮大且处于风险之中的群体，但鲜有研究关注这一人群的 HRQoL 相关因素。健康自强理论（HSET）和精准预防理论影响了本研究的概念化。HSET 是一种健康赋权理论，它认识到某些认知行为变量对高风险群体的健康促进的影响。精准预防提倡根据关键的社会人口统计学变量，为个体或特定的精准群体量身定制和优化健康促进方法。我们调查了 HSET 变量对 279 名保障不足的女性和男性的心理健康和身体健康 HRQoL 的影响，这些参与者完成了一份评估 HRQoL、健康自我效能、健康动机和积极应对的问卷。在我们的样本中，女性的研究结果表明，运动和心理健康自我效能与心理健康和身体健康 HRQoL 呈显著正相关。在男性中，心理健康和负责任的健康实践自我效能以及积极应对与心理健康 HRQoL 呈显著正相关。心理健康自我效能和积极应对与男性的身体健康 HRQoL 呈显著正相关。本研究的结果表明，HSET 变量在为保障不足的美国人制定 HRQoL 促进干预措施方面发挥着重要作用，并且这些变量的作用可能因性别而异。
