Suppr超能文献

模糊痕迹理论如何预测风险决策的发展,并对文化和奖励敏感性进行新的扩展。

How Fuzzy-trace Theory Predicts Development of Risky Decision Making, with Novel Extensions to Culture and Reward Sensitivity.

作者信息

Edelson Sarah, Reyna Valerie

机构信息

Cornell University.

出版信息

Dev Rev. 2021 Dec;62. doi: 10.1016/j.dr.2021.100986. Epub 2021 Sep 9.

Abstract

Comprehensive meta-analyses of risky decision making in children, adolescents, and adults have revealed that age trends in disambiguated laboratory tasks confirmed fuzzy-trace theory's prediction that preference for risk decreases monotonically from childhood to adulthood. These findings are contrary to predictions of dual systems or neurobiological imbalance models. Assumptions about increasing developmental reliance on mental representations of the gist of risky options are essential to account for this developmental trend. However, dual systems theory appropriately emphasizes how cultural context changes behavioral manifestation of risk preferences across age and neurobiological imbalance models appropriately emphasize developmental changes in reward sensitivity. All of the major theories include the assumption of increasing behavioral inhibition. Here, we integrate these theoretical constructs-representation, cultural context, reward sensitivity, and behavioral inhibition-to provide a novel framework for understanding and improving risky decision making in youth. We also discuss the roles of critical tests, scientific falsification, disambiguating assessments of psychological and neurological processes, and the misuse of such concepts as ecological validity and reverse inference. We illustrate these concepts by extending fuzzy-trace theory to explain why youth are a major conduit of viral infections, including the virus that causes COVID-19. We conclude by encouraging behavioral scientists to embrace new ways of thinking about risky decision making that go beyond traditional stereotypes about adolescents and that go beyond conceptualizing ideal decision making as trading off degrees of risk and reward.

摘要

对儿童、青少年和成年人风险决策的综合荟萃分析表明,在明确的实验室任务中呈现的年龄趋势证实了模糊痕迹理论的预测,即从童年到成年,对风险的偏好呈单调下降。这些发现与双系统或神经生物学失衡模型的预测相反。关于对风险选项要点的心理表征的发展依赖性增加的假设对于解释这一发展趋势至关重要。然而,双系统理论恰当地强调了文化背景如何在不同年龄改变风险偏好的行为表现,而神经生物学失衡模型恰当地强调了奖励敏感性的发展变化。所有主要理论都包含行为抑制增加的假设。在此,我们整合这些理论结构——表征、文化背景、奖励敏感性和行为抑制——以提供一个理解和改善青少年风险决策的新框架。我们还讨论了关键测试、科学证伪、心理和神经过程的明确评估以及生态效度和反向推断等概念的误用。我们通过扩展模糊痕迹理论来解释为什么青少年是病毒感染的主要传播途径,包括导致COVID-19的病毒,以此来说明这些概念。我们鼓励行为科学家采用超越对青少年传统刻板印象、超越将理想决策概念化为权衡风险和奖励程度的新思维方式来思考风险决策,以此作为结论。

相似文献

6
9
Viruses, Vaccines, and COVID-19: Explaining and Improving Risky Decision-making.病毒、疫苗与新冠疫情:解释并改善风险决策
J Appl Res Mem Cogn. 2021 Dec;10(4):491-509. doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.08.004. Epub 2021 Dec 13.

引用本文的文献

6
Viruses, Vaccines, and COVID-19: Explaining and Improving Risky Decision-making.病毒、疫苗与新冠疫情:解释并改善风险决策
J Appl Res Mem Cogn. 2021 Dec;10(4):491-509. doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.08.004. Epub 2021 Dec 13.

本文引用的文献

2
The Cultural Foundation of Human Memory.人类记忆的文化基础。
Annu Rev Psychol. 2021 Jan 4;72:151-179. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-070920-023638. Epub 2020 Sep 14.
3
Of Viruses, Vaccines, and Variability: Qualitative Meaning Matters.关于病毒、疫苗和变异性:定性意义很重要。
Trends Cogn Sci. 2020 Sep;24(9):672-675. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.015. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
7
Beyond Willpower: Strategies for Reducing Failures of Self-Control.超越意志力:减少自我控制失败的策略。
Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2018 Dec;19(3):102-129. doi: 10.1177/1529100618821893.

文献检索

告别复杂PubMed语法,用中文像聊天一样搜索,搜遍4000万医学文献。AI智能推荐,让科研检索更轻松。

立即免费搜索

文件翻译

保留排版,准确专业,支持PDF/Word/PPT等文件格式,支持 12+语言互译。

免费翻译文档

深度研究

AI帮你快速写综述,25分钟生成高质量综述,智能提取关键信息,辅助科研写作。

立即免费体验