Assessment of COVID-19 induced travel pattern changes in Dhaka City.

In response to Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Bangladesh enforced social distancing measures to mitigate the virus transmission rate through lockdowns. However, it is challenging for people to follow through and stay home in developing nations where socio-economic conditions are divergent from developed countries. This research aims to investigate COVID-19 induced travel pattern changes of residents and significant demographic factors affecting the trip generation in Dhaka City, the most densely populated Bangladeshi city. A questionnaire survey was used to extract information on demographic characteristics of respondents in Dhaka City and their travel patterns in the pre-pandemic era and during the pandemic. Analyses reveal striking differences in work trips except for workers and craftsmen. The use of telemedicine facilities is noticeable. Preference for public transport has decreased yet a decent percentage (9%) of people use buses during the pandemic. However, non-motorized modes are also very popular (19.93%) in the pandemic. The findings offer major implications for transportation planners and policymakers on how to dynamically plan for such crisis by combining a range of strategies so that safe and sustainable urban mobility and reduction of unnecessary travel demand can be ensured.