Senior Research Fellow, Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.
Advanced Clinical Educator Interprofessional, Advance Queensland Industry Research Fellow, Cunningham Centre, Darling Downs Health, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 19;16(11):e0260156. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260156. eCollection 2021.
To review the impact of clinical supervision of post-registration/qualification healthcare professionals on healthcare organisational outcomes.
Clinical supervision is a professional support mechanism that benefits patients, healthcare professionals and healthcare organisations. Whilst evidence is growing on the impact of clinical supervision on patient and healthcare professional outcomes, the evidence base for the impact of clinical supervision on organisational outcomes remains weak.
This review used a convergent segregated approach to synthesise and integrate quantitative and qualitative research findings, as per the Joanna Briggs Institute's recommendations for mixed methods systematic reviews. Databases searched included CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, PschINFO, and Scopus. Whilst a narrative synthesis was performed to present the findings of the quantitative and qualitative studies, the evidence from both quantitative and qualitative studies was subsequently integrated for a combined presentation. The review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
Thirty-two studies including 27 quantitative, two qualitative and three mixed methods studies, were included in the review. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that effective clinical supervision was associated with lower burnout and greater staff retention, and effective supervisor was associated with lower burnout and greater job satisfaction. Qualitative findings showed that healthcare professionals believed that adequate clinical supervision could mitigate the risk of burnout, facilitate staff retention, and improve the work environment, while inadequate clinical supervision can lead to stress and burnout. The evidence from quantitative and qualitative studies were complementary of each other.
Clinical supervision can have a variable effect on healthcare organisational outcomes. The direction of this effect appears to be influenced by the effectiveness of both the clinical supervision provided and that of the clinical supervisor. This highlights the need for organisations to invest in high quality supervision practices if maximal gains from clinical supervision are to be attained.
综述注册后/资格认证医疗保健专业人员的临床监督对医疗组织结果的影响。
临床监督是一种有益于患者、医疗保健专业人员和医疗保健组织的专业支持机制。尽管临床监督对患者和医疗保健专业人员结果的影响证据不断增加，但临床监督对组织结果的影响证据基础仍然薄弱。
本综述采用汇聚分离方法，根据乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute）对混合方法系统评价的建议，综合和整合定量和定性研究结果。搜索的数据库包括 CINAHL、Embase、PubMed、PschINFO 和 Scopus。虽然对定量和定性研究的结果进行了叙述性综合，但随后对来自定量和定性研究的证据进行了整合，以进行综合呈现。该综述遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目的准则。
纳入了 32 项研究，包括 27 项定量研究、2 项定性研究和 3 项混合方法研究。定量分析的结果表明，有效的临床监督与较低的倦怠率和更高的员工保留率相关，有效的监督者与较低的倦怠率和更高的工作满意度相关。定性研究结果表明，医疗保健专业人员认为充足的临床监督可以降低倦怠风险，促进员工保留，并改善工作环境，而不足的临床监督可能导致压力和倦怠。定量和定性研究的证据是互补的。
临床监督对医疗保健组织结果的影响是可变的。这种影响的方向似乎受到所提供的临床监督和临床监督者的有效性的影响。这突出表明，如果要从临床监督中获得最大收益，组织需要投资于高质量的监督实践。
