DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
Nutr Res. 2021 Nov;95:35-53. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.09.001. Epub 2021 Oct 21.
The gut microbiome plays important roles in the maintenance of host health and the pathogenesis of many diseases. Diet is a key modulator of the gut microbiome. There is increasing evidence that nutrients other than fermentable fiber affect the gut microbial composition. In this review, we discuss the effects of vitamins on the gut microbiome, and related gastrointestinal health, based on in vitro, animal and human studies. Some vitamins, when provided in large doses or when delivered to the large intestine, have been shown to beneficially modulate the gut microbiome by increasing the abundance of presumed commensals (vitamins A, B, D, E, and beta-carotene), increasing or maintaining microbial diversity (vitamins A, B, B, C, K) and richness (vitamin D), increasing short chain fatty acid production (vitamin C), or increasing the abundance of short chain fatty acid producers (vitamins B, E). Others, such as vitamins A and D, modulate the gut immune response or barrier function, thus, indirectly influencing gastrointestinal health or the microbiome. Future research is needed to explore these potential effects and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and host health benefits.
肠道微生物群在宿主健康的维持和许多疾病的发病机制中起着重要作用。饮食是肠道微生物群的关键调节因素。越来越多的证据表明，除了可发酵纤维之外，其他营养素也会影响肠道微生物组成。在这篇综述中，我们根据体外、动物和人体研究讨论了维生素对肠道微生物群及其相关胃肠道健康的影响。一些维生素，当以大剂量提供或输送到大肠时，通过增加假定共生菌（维生素 A、B、D、E 和β-胡萝卜素）的丰度、增加或维持微生物多样性（维生素 A、B、B、C、K）和丰富度（维生素 D）、增加短链脂肪酸的产生（维生素 C），或增加短链脂肪酸产生菌（维生素 B、E）的丰度，从而有益地调节肠道微生物群。其他维生素，如维生素 A 和 D，调节肠道免疫反应或屏障功能，从而间接影响胃肠道健康或微生物群。需要进一步研究来探索这些潜在的影响，并阐明潜在的机制和宿主健康益处。
