Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital (S Guo, S Goldfeld, and N Priest), Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne (S Guo, M O'Connor, F Mensah, and S Goldfeld), Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne (S Guo, M O'Connor, F Mensah, and S Goldfeld), Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Children's LifeCourse Initiative, Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M O'Connor), Melbourne, Australia.
Acad Pediatr. 2022 Aug;22(6):942-951. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.11.003. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
Positive childhood experiences (PCEs), that occur within secure and nurturing social environments, are fundamental to healthy physical, social-emotional, and cognitive development. However, reliable measures of these experiences are not yet widely available. We used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) to empirically represent and psychometrically evaluate 3 primary domains of PCEs defined within the Health Outcomes from Positive Experiences (HOPE) framework, specifically: 1) nurturing and supportive relationships; 2) safe and protective environments and; 3) constructive social engagement and connectedness.
LSAC is a nationally representative cohort that has followed young Australians from birth since 2004. LSAC data were used to represent the 3 primary HOPE-PCEs domains (birth to 11 years) across 4 inter-related PCEs constructs: 1) positive parenting, 2) trusting and supportive relationships, 3) supportive neighborhood and home learning environments, and 4) social engagement and enjoyment. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the proposed 4-factor structure. Predictive validity was examined through associations with mental health problems and academic difficulties at 14 to 15 years.
The 4-factor structure was supported by empirical data at each time point. Higher exposure to PCEs across each domain was associated with lower reporting of mental health problems (β = -0.20 to -2.05) and academic difficulties (β = -0.01 to -0.13) in adolescence.
The 4 LSAC-based HOPE-PCEs have sufficient internal coherence and predictive validity to offer a potentially useful way of conceptualizing and measuring PCEs in future cohort studies and intervention trials aiming to enhance the understanding of, and mitigate the negative impacts of, adverse childhood experiences.
积极的童年经历（PCEs）发生在安全和培养性的社会环境中，是健康的身体、社会情感和认知发展的基础。然而，这些经历的可靠衡量标准尚未广泛应用。我们使用来自澳大利亚儿童纵向研究（LSAC）的数据，从实证上代表和心理评估 HOPE 框架中定义的 PCE 的 3 个主要领域，具体为：1）培养和支持性关系；2）安全和保护环境；3）建设性的社会参与和联系。
LSAC 是一项全国代表性队列研究，自 2004 年以来一直跟踪澳大利亚的年轻人群。LSAC 数据用于代表 3 个主要 HOPE-PCE 领域（出生至 11 岁），跨越 4 个相互关联的 PCE 结构：1）积极的育儿方式；2）信任和支持性关系；3）支持性邻里和家庭学习环境；4）社会参与和享受。验证性因子分析用于测试提出的 4 因素结构。通过与 14 至 15 岁时的心理健康问题和学业困难的关联，检验了预测效度。
4 因素结构在每个时间点都得到了实证数据的支持。每个领域内 PCE 暴露量较高与青少年时期心理健康问题（β=-0.20 至-2.05）和学业困难（β=-0.01 至-0.13）的报告减少有关。
基于 LSAC 的 4 个 HOPE-PCEs 具有足够的内部一致性和预测效度，为未来的队列研究和干预试验提供了一种有用的概念化和衡量 PCE 的方法，旨在增强对不良童年经历的理解并减轻其负面影响。
