Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan.
Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Disabil Rehabil. 2022 Dec;44(25):8048-8053. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2021.2003449. Epub 2021 Nov 22.
The purpose of this study was to translate the FMA for Upper and Lower Extremity into Urdu and determine the validity and reliability of the translated Urdu FMA in people with chronic stroke.
A Standardized step-wise forward-backward translation of FMA into Urdu was conducted with the help of bilingual translators, experts from Riphah International University, and experts familiar with the original FMA scale to ensure conceptual equivalency. The final version was constructed after pilot testing of the Urdu FMA on 10 stroke patients. Inter- and intra-rater reliability, content, concurrent and construct validity were determined in 50 individuals with chronic stroke (mean age 53.2 years).
Intra- and inter-rater reliability, determined by Weighted kappa was satisfactory ( = 0.75-0.99). Internal consistency determined by Cronbach alpha was above 0.80. The content validity Index was acceptable (0.92). Moderate correlations were found with Functional Independence Measure, Modified Rankin Scale, and National Institute of Health Stroke Severity ( = 0.69-0.79). The factor analysis showed that two factors (upper and lower extremity) explained 67.8% of the variance.
The Urdu FMA is reliable and valid for the assessment of sensorimotor function in people with chronic stroke and can therefore be recommended for use in clinical and research applications.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe Urdu FMA is now available for use in Pakistan.The Urdu FMA is reliable and valid for the assessment of sensorimotor function in people with chronic stroke.The use of Urdu FMA is recommended to clinicians to estimate stroke severity and motor recovery.
本研究旨在将上肢和下肢 FMA 翻译成乌尔都语，并确定经过慢性脑卒中患者验证的翻译后乌尔都语 FMA 的有效性和可靠性。
在双语翻译员、里法国际大学专家和熟悉原始 FMA 量表的专家的帮助下，采用标准化逐步正向-反向翻译法将 FMA 翻译成乌尔都语，以确保概念等价。在对 10 例脑卒中患者进行了乌尔都语 FMA 的预试验后，构建了最终版本。在 50 例慢性脑卒中患者中确定了内部和外部信度、内容、同时和结构有效性。
通过加权 kapp 值确定的内部和外部信度均令人满意（ = 0.75-0.99）。Cronbach α 确定的内部一致性大于 0.80。内容有效性指数可接受（0.92）。与功能独立性量表、改良 Rankin 量表和国立卫生研究院脑卒中严重程度量表中度相关（ = 0.69-0.79）。因子分析显示，两个因素（上肢和下肢）解释了 67.8%的方差。
乌尔都语 FMA 可用于评估慢性脑卒中患者的感觉运动功能，可靠且有效，因此可推荐用于临床和研究应用。
乌尔都语 FMA 现在可在巴基斯坦使用。乌尔都语 FMA 可靠且有效，可用于评估慢性脑卒中患者的感觉运动功能。建议临床医生使用乌尔都语 FMA 来估计脑卒中的严重程度和运动恢复情况。
