Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
Theranostics. 2021 Oct 25;11(20):10012-10029. doi: 10.7150/thno.66478. eCollection 2021.
Various living organisms have proven to influence human health significantly, either in a commensal or pathogenic manner. Harnessing the creatures may remarkably improve human healthcare and cure the intractable illness that is challenged using traditional drugs or surgical approaches. However, issues including limited biocompatibility, poor biosafety, inconvenience for personal handling, and low patient compliance greatly hinder the biomedical and clinical applications of living organisms when adopting them for disease treatment. Microneedle arrays (MNAs), emerging as a promising candidate of biomedical devices with the functional diversity and minimal invasion, have exhibited great potential in the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases, which is expected to improve organism-based therapies. In this review, we systemically summarize the technologies employed for the integration of MNAs with specific living organisms including diverse viruses, bacteria, mammal cells and so on. Moreover, their applications such as vaccination, anti-infection, tumor therapy and tissue repairing are well illustrated. Challenges faced by current strategies, and the perspectives of integrating more living organisms, adopting smarter materials, and developing more advanced technologies in MNAs for future personalized and point-of-care medicine, are also discussed. It is believed that the combination of living organisms with functional MNAs would hold great promise in the near future due to the advantages of both biological and artificial species.
各种生物已被证明可以以共生或致病的方式显著影响人类健康。利用这些生物可以显著改善人类的医疗保健，并治疗那些使用传统药物或手术方法难以治疗的顽疾。然而，当将这些生物用于疾病治疗时，它们在生物医学和临床应用中存在着一些问题，如有限的生物相容性、较差的生物安全性、个人处理不便以及患者顺应性低等，这些问题极大地限制了生物的应用。微针阵列（MNAs）作为一种具有多功能性和微创性的有前途的生物医学设备候选者，在治疗广泛的疾病方面表现出了巨大的潜力，有望改善基于生物的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，我们系统地总结了将 MNAs 与特定生物（包括各种病毒、细菌、哺乳动物细胞等）集成的技术。此外，还详细说明了它们在疫苗接种、抗感染、肿瘤治疗和组织修复等方面的应用。文中还讨论了当前策略所面临的挑战，以及在 MNAs 中集成更多生物、采用更智能的材料和开发更先进技术以用于未来个性化和即时医疗的观点。相信由于生物和人工物种的优势，将生物与功能 MNAs 相结合在不久的将来将会有很大的前景。
