Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10/Rm. B3B406, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10/Rm. B3B69F, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Mol Imaging Biol. 2022 Apr;24(2):235-248. doi: 10.1007/s11307-021-01669-y. Epub 2021 Nov 23.
In the past decades, immunotherapies against cancers made impressive progress. Immunotherapy includes a broad range of interventions that can be separated into two major groups: cell-based immunotherapies, such as adoptive T cell therapies and stem cell therapies, and immunomodulatory molecular therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors and cytokine therapies. Genetic engineering techniques that transduce T cells with a cancer-antigen-specific T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor have expanded to other cell types, and further modulation of the cells to enhance cancer targeting properties has been explored. Because cell-based immunotherapies rely on cells migrating to target organs or tissues, there is a growing interest in imaging technologies that non-invasively monitor transferred cells in vivo. Here, we review whole-body imaging methods to assess cell-based immunotherapy using a variety of examples. Following a review of preclinically used cell tracking technologies, we consider the status of their clinical translation.
在过去的几十年中，癌症的免疫疗法取得了令人瞩目的进展。免疫疗法包括广泛的干预措施，可以分为两大类：基于细胞的免疫疗法，如过继性 T 细胞疗法和干细胞疗法，以及免疫调节分子疗法，如检查点抑制剂和细胞因子疗法。转导带有癌症抗原特异性 T 细胞受体或嵌合抗原受体的 T 细胞的基因工程技术已经扩展到其他细胞类型，并且进一步探索了增强对癌细胞靶向特性的细胞调节。由于基于细胞的免疫疗法依赖于细胞迁移到靶器官或组织，因此人们越来越关注非侵入性地在体内监测转导细胞的成像技术。在这里，我们综述了使用各种示例评估基于细胞的免疫疗法的全身成像方法。在回顾了临床前使用的细胞追踪技术之后，我们考虑了它们临床转化的现状。
