College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization, Dalian 116023, China.
Mar Drugs. 2021 Oct 27;19(11):608. doi: 10.3390/md19110608.
Metabolic syndrome is the pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. With the prevalence of modern lifestyles, the incidence of metabolic syndrome has risen rapidly. In recent years, marine sulfate polysaccharides (MSPs) have shown positive effects in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, and they mainly come from seaweeds and marine animals. MSPs are rich in sulfate and have stronger biological activity compared with terrestrial polysaccharides. MSPs can alleviate metabolic syndrome by regulating glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. In addition, MSPs prevent and treat metabolic syndrome by interacting with gut microbiota. MSPs can be degraded by gut microbes to produce metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and free sulfate and affect the composition of gut microbiota. The difference between MSPs and other polysaccharides lies in the sulfation pattern and sulfate content, therefore, which is very important for anti-metabolic syndrome activity of MSPs. This review summarizes the latest findings on effects of MSPs on metabolic syndrome, mechanisms of MSPs in treatment/prevention of metabolic syndrome, interactions between MSPs and gut microbiota, and the role of sulfate group and sulfation pattern in MSPs activity. However, more clinical trials are needed to confirm the potential preventive and therapeutic effects on human body. It may be a better choice to develop new functional foods containing MSPs for dietary intervention in metabolic syndrome.
代谢综合征是心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病的病理基础。随着现代生活方式的普及,代谢综合征的发病率迅速上升。近年来,海洋硫酸多糖(MSPs)在代谢综合征的预防和治疗中表现出积极的效果,它们主要来自海藻和海洋动物。MSPs 富含硫酸盐,与陆地多糖相比,具有更强的生物活性。MSPs 通过调节糖代谢和脂代谢来缓解代谢综合征。此外,MSPs 通过与肠道微生物群相互作用来预防和治疗代谢综合征。MSPs 可被肠道微生物降解产生短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)和游离硫酸盐等代谢物,影响肠道微生物群的组成。MSPs 与其他多糖的区别在于其硫酸化模式和硫酸根含量,因此,这对于 MSPs 的抗代谢综合征活性非常重要。本文综述了 MSPs 对代谢综合征影响的最新研究结果、MSPs 治疗/预防代谢综合征的作用机制、MSPs 与肠道微生物群的相互作用以及硫酸根和硫酸化模式在 MSPs 活性中的作用。然而,还需要更多的临床试验来证实 MSPs 对人体的潜在预防和治疗作用。开发含有 MSPs 的新型功能性食品作为代谢综合征饮食干预可能是更好的选择。