Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 10;807(Pt 3):151879. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151879. Epub 2021 Nov 23.
The pervasive manifestation and toxicological influence of hazardous pesticides pose adverse consequences on various environmental matrices and humans, directly via bioaccumulation or indirectly through the food chain. Due to pesticide residues' continuous presence above permissible levels in multiple forms, much attention has been given to re-evaluating to regulate their usage practices without harming or affecting the environment. However, there are regulations in place banning the use of multiple hazardous pesticides in the environment. Thus, efforts must be made to achieve robust detection and complete mitigation of pesticides, possibly through a combination of new and conventional methods. The complex nature of pesticides helps them to react differently across different environmental matrices. Therefore, highly hazardous pesticides are a risk to human well-being and the environment through enzymatic inhibition and the induction of oxidative stress. Consequently, developing fast, sensitive sensing strategies is essential to detect and quantify multiple pesticides and remove the pesticides present in the specific matrix without creating harmful derivatives. Additionally, the technology should be available worldwide to eliminate pesticide residuals from the environment. There are regulations, in practice, that limit the selling, storage, use of pesticides, and their concentration in the environment, although such regulations must be revised. However, the existing literature lacks regulatory, analytical detection, and mitigation considerations for pesticide remediation. Furthermore, the enforcement of such regulations and strict monitoring of pesticides in developing countries are needed. This review spotlights various analytical detection, regulatory, and mitigation considerations for efficiently removing hazardous pesticides.
有害农药的普遍存在和毒理学影响对各种环境基质和人类造成了不利影响，直接通过生物积累，或间接通过食物链。由于多种形式的农药残留持续超过允许水平，人们非常关注重新评估和规范其使用实践，以免对环境造成伤害或影响。然而，已经有规定禁止在环境中使用多种危险农药。因此，必须努力通过新的和传统的方法相结合，实现对农药的强大检测和完全缓解。农药的复杂性质帮助它们在不同的环境基质中产生不同的反应。因此，高危害性农药通过酶抑制和诱导氧化应激对人类健康和环境构成风险。因此，开发快速、敏感的传感策略对于检测和定量多种农药以及去除特定基质中存在的农药而不产生有害衍生物至关重要。此外，该技术应该在全球范围内使用，以消除环境中的农药残留。尽管必须修订这些规定，但实际上存在限制农药销售、储存和使用及其在环境中浓度的规定。然而，现有的文献缺乏对农药修复的监管、分析检测和缓解措施的考虑。此外，需要在发展中国家执行这些规定并严格监测农药。本综述重点介绍了各种分析检测、监管和缓解措施，以有效地去除危险农药。
