Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 12;22(22):12246. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212246.
Many studies have reported an increase in the level of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of patients with cancer. cfDNA mainly comes from tumor cells and, therefore, carries features of its genomic profile. Moreover, tumor-derived cfDNA can act like oncoviruses, entering the cells of vulnerable organs, transforming them and forming metastatic nodes. Another source of cfDNA is immune cells, including neutrophils that generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Despite the potential eliminative effect of NETs on tumors, in some cases, their excessive generation provokes tumor growth as well as invasion. Considering both possible pathological contributions of cfDNA, as an agent of oncotransformation and the main component of NETs, the study of deoxyribonucleases (DNases) as anticancer and antimetastatic agents is important and promising. This review considers the pathological role of cfDNA in cancer development and the role of DNases as agents to prevent and/or prohibit tumor progression and the development of metastases.
许多研究报告称，癌症患者血液中循环游离 DNA（cfDNA）的水平升高。cfDNA 主要来自肿瘤细胞，因此携带其基因组特征。此外，肿瘤衍生的 cfDNA 可以像致癌病毒一样，进入脆弱器官的细胞，将其转化并形成转移节点。cfDNA 的另一个来源是免疫细胞，包括产生中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）的中性粒细胞。尽管 NETs 对肿瘤具有潜在的消除作用，但在某些情况下，其过度产生会刺激肿瘤生长和侵袭。考虑到 cfDNA 作为致癌转化剂和 NETs 的主要成分的潜在病理作用，脱氧核糖核酸酶（DNases）作为抗癌和抗转移剂的研究是重要且有前途的。本综述考虑了 cfDNA 在癌症发展中的病理作用以及 DNases 作为预防和/或阻止肿瘤进展和转移发展的药物的作用。
