Attia Mohamed Ahmed, Essa Ebtessam Ahmed, Elebyary Toka Tarek, Faheem Ahmed Mostafa, Elkordy Amal Ali
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Nov 17;14(11):1173. doi: 10.3390/ph14111173.
Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing infectious diseases and saving lives. Modern biotechnology largely enabled vaccine development. In the meantime, recent advances in pharmaceutical technology have resulted in the emergence of nanoparticles that are extensively investigated as promising miniaturized drug delivery systems. Scientists are particularly interested in liposomes as an important carrier for vaccine development. Wide acceptability of liposomes lies in their flexibility and versatility. Due to their unique vesicular structure with alternating aqueous and lipid compartments, liposomes can enclose both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, including antigens. Liposome composition can be tailored to obtain the desired immune response and adjuvant characteristics. During the current pandemic of COVID-19, many liposome-based vaccines have been developed with great success. This review covers a liposome-based vaccine designed particularly to combat viral infection of the lower respiratory tract (LRT), i.e., infection of the lung, specifically in the lower airways. Viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2) are common causes of LRT infections, hence this review mainly focuses on this category of viruses.
疫苗接种是预防传染病和拯救生命的最有效手段。现代生物技术在很大程度上推动了疫苗的研发。与此同时，制药技术的最新进展导致了纳米颗粒的出现，作为有前景的小型化药物递送系统，纳米颗粒受到了广泛研究。科学家们对脂质体作为疫苗研发的重要载体尤为感兴趣。脂质体的广泛可接受性在于其灵活性和多功能性。由于其独特的囊泡结构，具有交替的水相和脂质相区室，脂质体可以包裹亲水性和亲脂性化合物，包括抗原。可以对脂质体的组成进行定制，以获得所需的免疫反应和佐剂特性。在当前新冠疫情期间，许多基于脂质体的疫苗已成功研发出来。本综述涵盖了一种特别设计用于对抗下呼吸道（LRT）病毒感染，即肺部感染，特别是下气道感染的基于脂质体的疫苗。流感、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS-CoV-1和SARS-CoV-2）等病毒是下呼吸道感染的常见病因，因此本综述主要关注这类病毒。
