McCright Jacob, Ramirez Ann, Amosu Mayowa, Sinha Arnav, Bogseth Amanda, Maisel Katharina
Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Oct 21;13(11):1755. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111755.
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one the biggest mucosal surface in the body and one of the primary targets for the delivery of therapeutics, including immunotherapies. GI diseases, including, e.g., inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal infections such as cholera, pose a significant public health burden and are on the rise. Many of these diseases involve inflammatory processes that can be targeted by immune modulatory therapeutics. However, nonspecific targeting of inflammation systemically can lead to significant side effects. This can be avoided by locally targeting therapeutics to the GI tract and its mucosal immune system. In this review, we discuss nanomaterial-based strategies targeting the GI mucosal immune system, including gut-associated lymphoid tissues, tissue resident immune cells, as well as GI lymph nodes, to modulate GI inflammation and disease outcomes, as well as take advantage of some of the primary mechanisms of GI immunity such as oral tolerance.
胃肠道（GI）是人体最大的黏膜表面之一，也是包括免疫疗法在内的治疗药物递送的主要靶点之一。胃肠道疾病，如炎症性肠病和霍乱等肠道感染，给公众健康带来了重大负担，且呈上升趋势。这些疾病中的许多都涉及炎症过程，可通过免疫调节疗法进行靶向治疗。然而，全身性非特异性靶向炎症可能会导致严重的副作用。通过将治疗药物局部靶向胃肠道及其黏膜免疫系统，可以避免这种情况。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了基于纳米材料的靶向胃肠道黏膜免疫系统的策略，包括肠道相关淋巴组织、组织驻留免疫细胞以及胃肠道淋巴结，以调节胃肠道炎症和疾病结局，并利用胃肠道免疫的一些主要机制，如口服耐受。
