Adim Hossein, Fahmideh Leila, Fakheri Barat Ali, Zarrini Hamid Najafi, Sasanfar Hamidreza
Plant Protection Research Department, North Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Bojnurd, Iran.
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):577. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84326-y.
Winter wild oat (Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne) has been considered the most common and troublesome weed in wheat fields of Iran. The widespread and continuous use of herbicides has led to the emergence and development of resistant biotypes in A. ludoviciana, making it one of the most important herbicide-resistant weeds within field crops. Considering the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance to herbicides and identifying key proteins involved in the response to Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) and Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides in A. ludoviciana. This study aimed to identify the proteins involved in herbicide resistance in A. ludoviciana using the Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) technique. In this study, a total of 18,313 peptides were identified with ≤ 0.01 FDR, which could be classified into 484 protein groups. Additionally, 138 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the resistant biotype (R), while 93 DEPs were identified in the susceptible biotype (S). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these DEPs mainly consisted of proteins related to photosynthesis, respiration, amino acid synthesis and translation, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, defense proteins, and detoxification. Furthermore, enrichment pathway analysis using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that the most important pathways included metabolic pathways, carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolites, amino acid synthesis, and photosynthesis. The function of DEPs indicated that some proteins, such as cytochrome P450, play a direct role in herbicide detoxification. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated the complex response of the resistant biotype to herbicides and its ability to increase antioxidant capacity through up-regulated detoxification proteins, particularly cytochrome P450 (Q6YSB4), and defense proteins, particularly superoxide dismutase (Q0DRV6) and polyamine oxidase (Q7XR46). In the resistant A. ludoviciana populations, in addition to the activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems, other strategies such as reduced photosynthesis and respiration, increased transcription and translation activity, enhanced lipid metabolism, regulation of cellular processes and homeostasis, and up-regulation of proteins associated with signaling and ion channels play a role in resistance to herbicide. Overall these findings provide new insights into the role of different proteins in resistance to herbicides and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of herbicide resistance in A. ludoviciana.
冬野燕麦（Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne）被认为是伊朗麦田中最常见且最棘手的杂草。除草剂的广泛持续使用导致了卢氏燕麦抗药生物型的出现与发展，使其成为大田作物中最重要的抗除草剂杂草之一。鉴于了解抗除草剂机制以及鉴定参与卢氏燕麦对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACCase）和乙酰乳酸合酶（ALS）抑制剂除草剂响应的关键蛋白的重要性，本研究旨在利用相对和绝对定量等压标签（iTRAQ）技术鉴定卢氏燕麦中参与抗除草剂的蛋白。在本研究中，共鉴定出18313条假发现率（FDR）≤0.01的肽段，这些肽段可分为484个蛋白组。此外，在抗性生物型（R）中鉴定出138个差异表达蛋白（DEP），在敏感生物型（S）中鉴定出93个DEP。基因本体（GO）分析表明，这些DEP主要包括与光合作用、呼吸作用、氨基酸合成与翻译、次生代谢物生物合成、防御蛋白和解毒相关的蛋白。此外，使用京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）进行的富集通路分析表明，最重要的通路包括代谢通路、碳水化合物代谢、次生代谢物、氨基酸合成和光合作用。DEP的功能表明，一些蛋白，如细胞色素P450，在除草剂解毒中起直接作用。总体而言，本研究结果证明了抗性生物型对除草剂的复杂响应及其通过上调解毒蛋白（特别是细胞色素P450（Q6YSB4））和防御蛋白（特别是超氧化物歧化酶（Q0DRV6）和多胺氧化酶（Q7XR46））来提高抗氧化能力的能力。在抗性卢氏燕麦种群中，除了激活酶促和非酶促防御系统外，其他策略，如降低光合作用和呼吸作用、增加转录和翻译活性、增强脂质代谢、调节细胞过程和体内平衡以及上调与信号传导和离子通道相关的蛋白，在抗除草剂中也发挥作用。总体而言，这些发现为不同蛋白在抗除草剂中的作用提供了新见解，并有助于全面了解卢氏燕麦的抗除草剂特性。
