Mostafa Yasser S, Alamri Saad A, Alrumman Sulaiman A, Hashem Mohamed, Baka Zakaria A
Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut P.O. Box 71515, Egypt.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 2;10(11):2363. doi: 10.3390/plants10112363.
This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by pomegranate and orange peel extracts using a low concentration of AgNO solution to controlearly blight of tomato caused by . The pathogen was isolated from infected tomato plants growing in different areas of Saudi Arabia. The isolates of this pathogen were morphologically and molecularly identified. Extracts from peels of pomegranate and orange fruits effectively developed a simple, quick, eco-friendly and economical method through a synthesis of AgNPs as antifungal agents against . Phenolic content in the pomegranate peel extract was greater than orange peel extract. Phenolic compounds showed a variation of both peel extracts as identified and quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The phenolic composition displayed variability as the pomegranate peel extract exhibited an exorbitant amount of Quercitrin (23.62 mg/g DW), while orange peel extract recorded a high amount of Chlorogenic acid (5.92 mg/g DW). Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV- visible spectroscopy which recorded an average wavelength of 437 nm and 450 nm for pomegranate and orange peels, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy exhibited 32x73.24, 2223.71, 2047.29 and 1972.46 cm, and 3260.70, 1634.62, 1376.62 and 1243.76 cm for pomegranate and orange peels, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed spherical shape of nanoparticles. Zetasizer analysis presented negative charge values; -16.9 and -19.5 mV with average particle sizes 8 and 14 nm fin case of pomegranate and orange peels, respectively. In vitro, antifungal assay was done to estimate the possibility of biosynthesized AgNPs and crude extracts of fruit peels to reduce the mycelial growth of . AgNPs displayed more fungal mycelial inhibition than crude extracts of two peels and AgNO. We recommend the use of AgNPs synthesized from fruit peels for controlling fungal plant pathogens and may be applied broadly and safely in place by using the chemical fungicides, which display high toxicity for humans.
本研究旨在利用石榴皮和橙皮提取物，通过低浓度硝酸银溶液合成银纳米颗粒（AgNPs），以控制由[病原体名称未给出]引起的番茄早疫病。该病原体从沙特阿拉伯不同地区感染的番茄植株中分离得到。对该病原体的分离株进行了形态学和分子鉴定。石榴皮和橙皮提取物通过合成AgNPs作为抗[病原体名称未给出]的抗真菌剂，有效地开发出一种简单、快速、环保且经济的方法。石榴皮提取物中的酚类含量高于橙皮提取物。通过高效液相色谱法鉴定和定量后发现，两种果皮提取物中的酚类化合物存在差异。酚类组成具有变异性，石榴皮提取物中槲皮苷含量极高（23.62 mg/g干重），而橙皮提取物中绿原酸含量较高（5.92 mg/g干重）。使用紫外可见光谱对生物合成的AgNPs进行表征，石榴皮和橙皮的平均波长分别记录为437 nm和450 nm。傅里叶变换红外光谱显示，石榴皮和橙皮的特征峰分别为32x73.24、2223.71、2047.29和1972.46 cm⁻¹，以及3260.70、1634.62、1376.62和1243.76 cm⁻¹。透射电子显微镜显示纳米颗粒呈球形。Zetasizer分析呈现负电荷值；石榴皮和橙皮的平均粒径分别为8 nm和14 nm时，ζ电位分别为 -16.9 mV和 -19.5 mV。在体外进行了抗真菌试验，以评估生物合成的AgNPs和果皮粗提物抑制[病原体名称未给出]菌丝生长的可能性。与两种果皮的粗提物和硝酸银相比，AgNPs对真菌菌丝的抑制作用更强。我们建议使用从果皮合成的AgNPs来控制植物真菌病原体，并且由于化学杀菌剂对人类具有高毒性，因此可以广泛且安全地替代化学杀菌剂使用。
