基于植物的饮食对 2 型糖尿病患者体重状况的影响：随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。
Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Weight Status in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
机构信息
Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, 305C, Medical Science Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW 2035, Australia.
出版信息
Nutrients. 2021 Nov 16;13(11):4099. doi: 10.3390/nu13114099.
Excessive adiposity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dietary patterns are important determinants of weight status. Plant-based dietary patterns (PBDs) are known for their therapeutic effects on T2D. The aim is to systematically review RCTs to investigate the effects of various PBDs compared to regular meat-eating diets (RMDs), in individuals who normally consume a RMD on body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in T2D. RCTs investigating PBDs and body weight, BMI, WC for ≥6 weeks in adults with T2D since 1980 were eligible for inclusion. Seven trials ( = 269) were included in the meta-analysis using random-effects models and expressed as MD (95%Cls). Compared to RMDs, PBDs significantly lowered body weight (-2.35 kg, 95% CI: -3.51, -1.19, < 0.001), BMI (-0.90 kg/m, 95% CI: -1.42, -0.38, = 0.001) and WC (-2.41 cm, 95% CI: -3.72, -1.09, < 0.001). PBDs alone significantly reduced body weight by 5.1% (-4.95 kg, 95% CI: -7.34, -2.55, < 0.001), BMI by 5.4% (-1.87 kg/m, 95% CI: -2.78, -0.95, < 0.001) and WC by 4.3%(-4.23, 95% CI: -6.38, -2.07, < 0.001). Interventions not limiting energy intake led to a significant reduction in body weight (-2.54 kg, 95% CI: -4.16, -0.92, < 0.005) and BMI (-0.91 kg/m, 95% CI: -1.56, -0.25, < 0.005). Trials ≥16 weeks had a pronounced reduction in body weight (-2.93 kg, 95% CI: -5.00, -0.87, = 0.005) and BMI (-1.13 kg/m, 95% CI: -1.89, -0.38, < 0.005). These findings provide evidence for the implementation of PBDs for better management of central adiposity in individuals with T2D.
过量的体脂是 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的一个主要危险因素，而饮食模式是体重状况的重要决定因素。植物性饮食模式（PBD）以其对 T2D 的治疗效果而闻名。本研究旨在系统综述 RCT，以调查与常规肉食饮食（RMD）相比，各种 PBD 对 T2D 患者体重、BMI 和腰围的影响。自 1980 年以来，对 PBD 与体重、BMI、WC 相关的、针对成年人 T2D 的 RCT，且干预时间 ≥6 周的研究符合纳入标准。使用随机效应模型对 7 项试验（=269 人）进行荟萃分析，并表示为 MD（95%CI）。与 RMD 相比，PBD 显著降低体重（-2.35kg，95%CI：-3.51，-1.19，<0.001）、BMI（-0.90kg/m，95%CI：-1.42，-0.38，=0.001）和 WC（-2.41cm，95%CI：-3.72，-1.09，<0.001）。PBD 单独使用时，体重显著降低 5.1%（-4.95kg，95%CI：-7.34，-2.55，<0.001）、BMI 降低 5.4%（-1.87kg/m，95%CI：-2.78，-0.95，<0.001）和 WC 降低 4.3%（-4.23cm，95%CI：-6.38，-2.07，<0.001）。不限制能量摄入的干预措施导致体重（-2.54kg，95%CI：-4.16，-0.92，<0.005）和 BMI（-0.91kg/m，95%CI：-1.56，-0.25，<0.005）显著降低。干预时间≥16 周时，体重（-2.93kg，95%CI：-5.00，-0.87，=0.005）和 BMI（-1.13kg/m，95%CI：-1.89，-0.38，<0.005）明显降低。这些发现为在 T2D 患者中实施 PBD 以更好地管理中心性肥胖提供了证据。
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