Liu Bo-Wen, Zhao Hai-Bo, Wang Yu-Zhong
The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
Adv Mater. 2022 Nov;34(46):e2107905. doi: 10.1002/adma.202107905. Epub 2022 Feb 27.
Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame-retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever-increasing high flame-retardant requirements such as high flame-retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame-retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on "all-in-one" intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame-retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame-retardant methods, including bulk-additive, bulk-copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame-retardant methods. The future development of flame-retardant methods is further discussed.
大多数有机高分子材料具有高可燃性，其燃烧过程中产生的大量烟雾、有毒气体、热量和熔融液滴每年都会对人类生命和财产造成不可估量的损失。尽管传统的阻燃方法已经取得了一些理想的成果，但随着对高阻燃效率、高持久性、低热释放、低烟雾释放和低毒气体释放等越来越高的阻燃要求，尤其是不能降低甚至要提高聚合物的整体性能，它们的应用正面临越来越多的困难。在这种情况下，过去几年基于“一体化”膨胀、纳米技术、原位增强、本征成炭、等离子体处理、仿生涂层等开发了一些先进的阻燃方法，这些方法为传统阻燃方法的困境提供了潜在的解决方案。本文综述简要概述了传统阻燃方法（包括本体添加、本体共聚和表面处理）的发展、应用和问题，并重点介绍了先进阻燃方法的兴起、发展和潜在应用。还进一步讨论了阻燃方法的未来发展。
