Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Water Res. 2022 Jan 1;208:117861. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117861. Epub 2021 Nov 15.
The infiltration of drugs into water is a key global issue, with pharmaceuticals being detected in all nearly aqueous systems at often alarming concentrations. Pharmaceutical contamination of environmental water supplies has been shown to negatively impact ecological equilibrium and pose a risk to human health. In this study, we design and develop a novel system for the removal of drugs from water, termed as Printzyme. The device, fabricated with stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing, immobilises laccase sourced from Trametes Versicolor within a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogel. We show that SLA printing is a sustainable method for enzyme entrapment under mild conditions, and measure the stability of the system when exposed to extremes of pH and temperature in comparison to free laccase. When tested for its drug removal capacity, the 3D printed device substantially degraded two dissolved drugs on the European water pollution watch list. When configured in the shape of a torus, the device effectively removed 95% of diclofenac and ethinylestradiol from aqueous solution within 24 and 2 h, respectively, more efficiently than free enzyme. Being customizable and reusable, these 3D printed devices could help to efficiently tackle the world's water pollution crisis, in a flexible, easily scalable, and cost-efficient manner.
药物渗透到水中是一个全球性的关键问题，几乎所有的水系统都检测到了药物，且浓度通常令人震惊。药物对环境水源的污染已被证明会对生态平衡产生负面影响，并对人类健康构成威胁。在本研究中，我们设计并开发了一种从水中去除药物的新型系统，称为 Printzyme。该设备通过立体光刻（SLA）3D 打印制造，将采自彩绒革盖菌（Trametes Versicolor）的漆酶固定在聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯水凝胶中。我们表明，SLA 打印是一种在温和条件下酶固定的可持续方法，并测量了系统在暴露于极端 pH 和温度时与游离漆酶相比的稳定性。当测试其去除药物的能力时，3D 打印设备可有效降解欧洲水污染监测清单上的两种溶解药物。当配置为环形时，该设备在 24 和 2 小时内分别有效地从水溶液中去除了 95%的双氯芬酸和炔雌醇，效率明显高于游离酶。这些 3D 打印设备具有可定制性和可重复使用性，能够以灵活、易于扩展且具有成本效益的方式，帮助有效应对世界水污染危机。
