Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
Ageing Res Rev. 2022 Jan;73:101513. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101513. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) - the culprit of an ongoing pandemic responsible for the loss of over 3 million lives worldwide within a year and a half. While the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infected people develop no or mild symptoms, some become severely ill and may die from COVID-19-related complications. In this review, we compile and comment on a number of biomarkers that have been identified and are expected to enhance the detection, protection and treatment of individuals at high risk of developing severe illnesses, as well as enable the monitoring of COVID-19 prognosis and responsiveness to therapeutic interventions. Consistent with the emerging notion that the majority of COVID-19 deaths occur in older and frail individuals, we researched the scientific literature and report the identification of a subset of COVID-19 biomarkers indicative of increased vulnerability to developing severe COVID-19 in older and frail patients. Mechanistically, increased frailty results from reduced disease tolerance, a phenomenon aggravated by ageing and comorbidities. While biomarkers of ageing and frailty may predict COVID-19 severity, biomarkers of disease tolerance may predict resistance to COVID-19 with socio-economic factors such as access to adequate health care remaining as major non-biomolecular influencers of COVID-19 outcomes.
2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）由新型冠状病毒，即严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起 - 这种正在流行的病原体在一年半的时间内导致全球超过 300 万人死亡。虽然大多数 SARS-CoV-2 感染者没有或只有轻微症状，但有些人会病重，可能会死于与 COVID-19 相关的并发症。在这篇综述中，我们收集并评论了一些已经确定的生物标志物，这些标志物有望提高对高危人群的检测、保护和治疗，以及监测 COVID-19 的预后和对治疗干预的反应。与大多数 COVID-19 死亡发生在老年人和体弱人群中的观点一致，我们研究了科学文献，并报告了一组 COVID-19 生物标志物的鉴定，这些标志物表明老年人和体弱患者更容易患上严重的 COVID-19。从机制上讲，脆弱性增加是由于疾病耐受性降低，而这种现象会因衰老和合并症而加剧。虽然衰老和脆弱性的生物标志物可以预测 COVID-19 的严重程度，但疾病耐受性的生物标志物可能可以预测对 COVID-19 的抵抗力，而社会经济因素，如获得足够的医疗保健，仍然是 COVID-19 结果的主要非生物分子影响因素。
