Sharma Swati, Parveen Roza, Chatterji Biswa Prasun
St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400001 India.
School of Engineering, Ajeenkya DY Patil University, Pune, Maharashtra 412105 India.
Curr Pathobiol Rep. 2021;9(4):133-144. doi: 10.1007/s40139-021-00227-z. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Nanoparticles have revolutionized biomedicine especially in the field of drug delivery due to their intriguing properties such as systemic stability, level of solubility, and target site specificity. It can, however, be both beneficial and damaging depending on the properties in different environments, thus highlighting the importance of nanotoxicology studies before use in humans. Different types of nanoparticles have been used in drug delivery, and this review summarizes the recent toxicity studies of these nanoparticles. The toxicological evaluation of three widely used nanoparticles in drug delivery that are metal, lipid, and protein nanoparticles has been discussed in detail. Studies have recorded several toxic effects of various nanoparticles such as metal-based nanoparticles have been linked to increased oxidative stress and have the potential to infiltrate the cell nucleus and protein-based nanoparticles have been observed to have hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity as their adverse effects. Considering the increasing application of nanoparticles in drug delivery and the growing concerns of regulatory authorities regarding the toxicity of nanocarriers in living organisms, it requires urgent attention to identify the gap in toxicity studies. The review highlights the gap in toxicity studies and potential focus areas to overcome the existing challenges.
纳米颗粒已经彻底改变了生物医学，尤其是在药物递送领域，这得益于它们诸如系统稳定性、溶解度水平和靶位点特异性等引人关注的特性。然而，根据其在不同环境中的特性，纳米颗粒可能既有益又有害，因此凸显了在用于人体之前进行纳米毒理学研究的重要性。不同类型的纳米颗粒已被用于药物递送，本综述总结了这些纳米颗粒最近的毒性研究。本文详细讨论了在药物递送中广泛使用的三种纳米颗粒（金属、脂质和蛋白质纳米颗粒）的毒理学评估。研究记录了各种纳米颗粒的几种毒性作用，例如金属基纳米颗粒与氧化应激增加有关，并且有可能渗透到细胞核，而蛋白质基纳米颗粒的不良反应已被观察到具有肝毒性和肾毒性。鉴于纳米颗粒在药物递送中的应用日益增加，以及监管当局对纳米载体在生物体中的毒性日益关注，迫切需要关注识别毒性研究中的差距。该综述突出了毒性研究中的差距以及克服现有挑战的潜在重点领域。
