College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, Hebei, China.
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 29;16(11):e0260379. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260379. eCollection 2021.
Inappropriate water and fertilizer management can lead to unstable crop yields. Excessive fertilization can potentially cause soil degradation and nitrogen (N) leaching. The aim of this study was to explore the optimal N application rate on two wheat varieties with different nitrogen responding under limited water irrigation at three experimental sites in the Piedmont plain of the Taihang Mountains, China. A two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of five N application rates (N0, N120, N180, N240, and N300) on winter wheat growth, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, grain yield, grain N accumulation, and net return. The results showed that N application rate significantly affected leaf area index, aboveground biomass, grain yield, and harvest index. Variety and variety × N rate interactions had a significant effect on few indicators. Compared with N0, N180 improved leaf area index, aboveground biomass, grain yield, and grain N accumulation. Compared with N240 and N300, N180 increased the harvest index and N harvest index, without significantly reducing grain yield or grain N accumulation, while enhancing a higher N use efficiency. Fertilizers applied in the ranges of 144.7-212.9 and 150.3-247.0 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest net return for the KN199 and JM585 varieties, respectively. Our study provides a sound theoretical basis for high-efficiency fertilizer utilization in sustainable winter wheat production in the Piedmont plains of the Taihang Mountains of China.
不适当的水和肥料管理可能导致作物产量不稳定。过量施肥可能会导致土壤退化和氮（N）淋失。本研究旨在探讨在太行山山前平原三个试验点，在有限水灌溉下，两种氮响应不同的小麦品种的最佳施氮量。进行了为期两年的田间试验，以探讨 5 种施氮量（N0、N120、N180、N240 和 N300）对冬小麦生长、叶面积指数、地上生物量、籽粒产量、籽粒氮积累和净收益的影响。结果表明，施氮量显著影响叶面积指数、地上生物量、籽粒产量和收获指数。品种和品种×氮素互作对少数指标有显著影响。与 N0 相比，N180 提高了叶面积指数、地上生物量、籽粒产量和籽粒氮积累。与 N240 和 N300 相比，N180 提高了收获指数和氮收获指数，而没有显著降低籽粒产量或籽粒氮积累，同时提高了更高的氮素利用效率。KN199 和 JM585 品种的氮肥施用量分别在 144.7-212.9 和 150.3-247.0 kg ha-1范围内可获得最高的净收益。本研究为太行山山前平原可持续冬小麦生产中高效利用肥料提供了坚实的理论基础。
