Department of Rural Nursing & Midwifery, La Trobe Rural Health School, Mildura, Victoria, Australia.
Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
Am J Mens Health. 2021 Nov-Dec;15(6):15579883211061009. doi: 10.1177/15579883211061009.
The social construct of masculinity evolves in response to changes in society and culture. Orthodox masculinity is mostly considered to be hegemonic and is evidenced by the dominance of men over women and other, less powerful men. Contemporary shifts in masculinity have seen an emergence of new masculinities that challenge traditional male stereotypes. This systematic review aims to review and synthesize the existing empirical research on contemporary masculinities and to conceptualize how they are understood and interpreted by men themselves. A literature search was undertaken on 10 databases using terms regularly used to identify various contemporary masculinities. Analysis of the 33 included studies identified four key elements that are evident in men's descriptions of contemporary masculinity. These four elements, (a) Inclusivity, (b) Emotional Intimacy, (c) Physicality, and (d) Resistance, are consistent with the literature describing contemporary masculinities, including Hybrid Masculinities and Inclusive Masculinity Theory. The synthesized findings indicate that young, middle-class, heterosexual men in Western cultures, while still demonstrating some traditional masculinity norms, appear to be adopting some aspects of contemporary masculinities. The theories of hybrid and inclusive masculinity suggest these types of masculinities have several benefits for both men and society in general.
男性气质的社会建构是对社会和文化变化的反应。传统的男性气质大多被认为是霸权的，这体现在男性对女性和其他弱势男性的统治地位上。当代男性气质的转变见证了新的男性气质的出现，这些新的男性气质挑战了传统的男性刻板印象。本系统综述旨在回顾和综合现有的关于当代男性气质的实证研究，并从男性自身的角度理解和解释这些研究。我们在 10 个数据库中使用了常用于识别各种当代男性气质的术语进行了文献检索。对纳入的 33 项研究进行分析，确定了男性对当代男性气质描述中四个明显的要素。这四个要素，（a）包容性，（b）情感亲密，（c）肉体性，和（d）反抗，与描述当代男性气质的文献一致，包括混合男性气质和包容性男性气质理论。综合研究结果表明，西方文化中年轻的中产阶级异性恋男性，虽然仍然表现出一些传统的男性气质规范，但似乎正在采用一些当代男性气质的特征。混合和包容性男性气质理论表明，这些类型的男性气质对男性和整个社会都有几个好处。
